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General Theory of the Exponents (Ettore Majorana)
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<blockquote data-quote="Wind7" data-source="post: 251689" data-attributes="member: 6388"><p>Ettore Majorana 26-2-1962 NEW “GENERAL THEORY OF EXPONENTS”</p><p></p><p></p><p>ELEMENTAL ENERGY</p><p></p><p>1) For each of its creations, Nature has chosen the geometric shape of the sphere as the most perfect and harmonious. 2) In the infinite sphere of hyperspace</p><p>There are only two great equal and opposite forces: the CENTRIFUGAL Force that animates SPACE and has a macroscopic development towards the outside and the CENTRIPETAL Force of TIME which is instead absorbing, magnetic with action of a centric order. 3) The centrifugal force of Space is expressed with lines of athermal character; It is not physical and propagates to absolute zero (-273.13°C).</p><p>4) The lines of force of Space are the essential explosion of three-dimensional directional orders (hyperspace) at the highest continuous speed existing in the Universe. (Psychic speed). 5) There are three universal speeds: A) Psychic speed, which is what occurs continuously at absolute zero; this is the speed of the extension of spatial orders, the speed of thought and human spirituality. B) The alternating cosmic speed, which is the displacement of the physical unit of Space-Time and which implies the greatest thermal energy, which it loses almost entirely in its reactionary course, reducing it to the conceivable minimum. C) Physical speed, which is that of the photons that in their alternating career transport photons already at one degree Celsius of physical heat above absolute zero. (-272.13°C)</p><p>6) Space-motion is equal to time-motion, but with reverse directional order. 7) The two forces of Space and Time, being of equal intensity and opposite, would cancel each other if they did not act in two different and alternate times, one of physical Space and the other of present Time. The alternating cycle of space and time movement represents the measurement of the unit of physical space, the unit of present time, the unit of elemental energy and the unit of alternating cosmic speed. 9) In the centripetal moment of present time, absorption occurs in the center of a whole range of spatial physical units that are concentrated at a single point, where single directional velocities stop. 10) In this moment of stopping at the central point of general convergence of the various orders, the first unit of elemental heat, cosmic light or plasma with elemental energy is generated. I called this first unit of physical space "ELEMENTAL EXPONENT" and it represents THE LAST INDIVISIBLE PARTICLE OF PHYSICAL MATTER. 11) ELEMENTAL ENERGY IS THEN ONLY THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SPEED OF VARIOUS DIRECTIONAL ORDERS TRANSMITTED AND STANDING IN A SINGLE CENTRAL POINT. 12) Each elemental exponent lives in its own field isolated from other neighboring fields by the LAW OF SPATIAL ISOLATION that I have discovered, by which each unit of space is separated from any other unit due to the field that is negative for all.</p><p>13) Each elementary exponent has two movements: one of translation, one of rotation around its ideal axis. The translational movement takes place at a cosmic speed. The rotational movement, while responding to this speed, is created when the translational movement stops being composed of static thermo-physical energy. 14) Each elemental exponent has its own immutable chromatic directive order that specifies its light chromatic character. 15) The four main directions They are represented by the four elemental colors that are revealed as Red and Blue light in the upper and inner neutral vertical plane. Yellow and indigo on the positive right horizontal plane and negative on the left. The intermediate directional orders are represented by the four complementary colors: Violet, Neutral, Orange, Green. All united, they constitute the basis of universal “chromolysis.” 16) THE ELEMENTAL EXPONENT THERMOPHYSICIST RECEIVES FROM SPACE ATERMIC AND PHYSICAL (NON-PHYSICAL) A FORMIDABLE REACTION IMPULSE THAT FORCES IT AT COSMIC SPEED, ALMOST TOTALLY SWITCHING OFF ITS THERMAL ENERGY. EVERY PHYSICAL CREATION OF NATURE IS SUBJECT TO THIS REACTION FORCE WHICH I HAVE CALLED "ZERO POWER". 17) Elemental Energy results in transnational dynamic lines of force because it is propelled by the zero power environmental reaction.</p><p>18) Elementary energy by becoming pure cosmic speed, almost completely loses its superlative thermal power and its integrity of energetémic light will return intact every time its translative movement is stopped and at the time of the total stop the speed will be changed to rotary movement . 19) To conserve thermo-physical energy In a state of static energy, other opposing orders will have to be opposed to its directional order. 20) More "quanta" of static elemental energy united in clear opposition reduce cosmic speed into physical speed. 21) THE GREATER THE NUMBER OF ENERGY EXPONENTS IN A PHYSICAL COMPLEX, THE LOWER WILL BE THE SPEED AND DIRECT ACTION OF THE ELEMENTAL ENERGY THAT IS HIDDEN AS THE PROGRESS OF THE PHYSICAL COMPLEX. 22) All physical matter is composed of exponential values of energy of various directional orders and each minimum order has the following constant characteristics: 1)immutable address 2)particular light color 3) own speed 4) constant and particular temperature. 23) Exponential associations with pose the entire atomic series and in individual atoms only two psychic forces are manifested: the centripetal nuclear and the centrifugal electronic. The electrons, unable to escape their centripetal magnetic field, dislocate in a translational movement around the nucleus, rotating around themselves in a spin movement. These two movements do not encounter any obstacles that could hinder them and, therefore, the thermal energy is minimal. By stopping these two electronic movements and the proton movement, the thermal energy reappears with its light.</p><p></p><p>24) When the atomic structure is saturated with electrons, protons and neutrons, the force of centric movement slows down in favor of eccentric movement, therefore, the decrease in magnetic force allows continuous collisions between the various electrons, protons and neutrons and , from these collisions new exponents of right and left horizontal order are generated and other neutral ones of vertical order that, due to the high degree of physical heat, emerge from the atom in a radioactive radiation with emission of rays: a B y. 25) From the natural mechanism of reversal of temporal orders into spatial orders, energy is translated into translational lines of force and can do work. Higher stall speeds translate into high thermal energy and physical light. 26) Contrary to what has been believed. until now, by reaction, THE HIGHEST SPEEDS HAVE THE MINIMUM DEGREE OF HEAT (just above absolute zero). And therefore, the minimum speeds of movement possess the greatest degree and thermal energy. 27) Consequently, precisely at the moment of arrest of the various directional orders of space there is the highest potential for thermal energy, heat and speed are, therefore, expressions of indirectly proportional physical manifestations.</p><p></p><p>28) By slowing down, heat is recovered to the original heat of creation at the centric static stop of many speeds. 29) At the instant in which all orders of speed stop at a central point, the phenomenon of energy, physical light and plasma is created and at the neutral central point THAT NEUTRAL PRINCIPLE OF DISPARITY OF PHYSICAL CREATION that I discovered is specified. 30) Since the principle of physical light It rests essentially on stopping speeds, it is not exactly scientific to define it as an electromagnetic phenomenon.</p><p></p><p>CONCLUSIONS: based on all these fundamental principles of my "new general theory of Elemental Exponents", I believe that the most appropriate means to obtain Energy is magnetic, that is, making the directional orders existing in the sphere converge in the center. , forcing the single speeds to stop at a neutral central point, where, for a moment, the elemental energy will be composed by synthesis, as long as the alternating impulses are respected.</p><p>It is necessary that the electromagnetic impulses be oriented from all points of the sphere towards the center, which represents that point of impact necessary to block all directional velocities in a single instant to convert them into Elemental Energy, obtaining the desired cosmic plasma.</p><p>Prof. Luigi Fantappie, with his "Unitarian Theory of the Physical and Biological World", has requested important observations and considerations regarding experimental research on elemental energy and its developments.</p><p>This postulate of yours, which I fully share, as demonstrated by my "General Theory of Exponents", states in fact that "all true laws of nature are symmetrical with respect to the two directions of time and that all phenomena in the universe are formed by spherical waves that, due to said symmetry, can be not only divergent (entropic phenomena) like those commonly observed, but also convergent (syntropic phenomena) which are substantially new ones that are discovered. Elemental energy permeates the entire universe, as It has been observed, because all its elements, none excluded, combine to form it.</p><p>Without this living force, in fact, the universe would not exist, so it seems impossible to be able to compose elemental energy by synthesis, obtaining the cosmic plasma without faithfully reproducing the elements that contribute to its formation and the behavior of nature itself.</p><p>Creating energy, or as they say in physics, the capacity of a body to produce work, has always been a need of man, which is very well satisfied with the empirical discovery of electrical energy and the mechanical means to produce it.</p><p>However, taking into account that for some isotopes of elements with a higher atomic number, such as uranium, thorium, actinium, etc., radioactivity occurred spontaneously, which is, in fact, a complex of natural phenomena Linked to the 'instability of some nuclei of the atom', science thought that it could obtain radioactivity artificially by causing it by bombarding particles in the nuclei. Which happened regularly in atomic batteries and, later, in ion accelerators.</p><p>The ancient dream of alchemists of transforming one element into another became a reality when the discoveries of radioactive substances took a new form and direction in 1919 by D. Rutherford who, by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles emitted by radium, obtained hydrogen and oxygen. Along the way, in 1930, the Germans Bothe and Becker verified that by bombarding light metals such as boron, lithium, beryl, with the alpha rays of polonium, very penetrating radiation is obtained.</p><p>In 1932, spouses I. Curie and E. Joliot noticed that this penetrating radiation, with pendular substances such as paraffin, expelled protons with great kinetic energy and, still in the same year, J. Chadwick managed to establish how this Radiation was given by protons without an electrical charge, that is, neutrons, and precisely because without an electrical charge and therefore endowed with a large mass in a small volume, neutrons have such a high penetrating power; and, in fact, with neutrons it was possible to reach and penetrate the interior of heavy nuclei that had always resisted bombardment with positively charged particles.</p><p>After Curie and Joliot obtained the radioactive elements of boron, magnesium and aluminum in 1934 by bombarding them, Enrico Fermi obtained artificial radioactive substances by bombarding the heavy uranium nucleus with neutrons slowed down by successive collisions with normal hydrogen nuclei, but it was later the Germans O. Hahn and F. Strassman who in 1938 discovered that bombarding uranium with neutrons produced an isotope in barium.</p><p>As a consequence of this, CR Frisch and</p><p>L. Meitner, collaborators of the Danish physicist Njels Bohr, stated the hypothesis that the absorption of a neutron by the uranium nucleus could cause its division into two almost equal fragments with the release of a large amount of energy; and. Enrico Fermi, sharing the statement, in turn issued the hypothesis that neutrons were released during the doubling, which implicitly admitted the possibility of a chain reaction; An atom hit by a neutron absorbs it, decays and emits other neutrons that hit other nuclei that repeat the absorption, splitting, emission of other neutrons and so on.</p><p>Without wanting to remember all the feverish research that took place in 1939/40 and that unfortunately led, along with other discoveries, to the construction of the atomic bomb, it is worth mentioning that as early as 1905 Albert Einstein predicted that enormous amounts of energy could be developed by a internal cataclysm of the atom, breaking that a part of its matter, disappearing, would be transformed into energy, with a proportion equal to the square of the speed of light.</p><p>From its equation it is deduced that the disappearance of one gram of matter is compensated by the production of 25 million kWh. of energy equivalent to the heat that 2,700 tons of coal can develop.</p><p>If on the one hand the progress of science in this field may seem to bode well for humanity, we must point out the serious violence that man exercises on nature without taking into account the very serious consequences that can arise from it.</p><p>The atoms of the different physical elements represent the cells of the cosmic substance and are all formed by the same elemental corpuscles grouped in different ways.</p><p>The unitary criterion that underlies creation causes the atom, as ideally represented to us by Niels Bohr (the Bohr model), to form as a tiny planetary system, with a diameter equivalent to approximately 10 billionths of a centimeter.</p><p>The sun of this system is the atomic nucleus, very compact and heavy (it contains practically all the mass of the system) formed by protons and neutrons, around which they rotate, like the planets around the sun, one or more electrons, corpuscles of insignificant mass, each with a negative charge.</p><p>Even if we consider the infinitesimal size of the atom compared to the planetary system, violating the atom to split its nucleus is, in cosmogonic terms, like bombing the planetary system to create a cataclysm within the sun. The elemental energy contained in an atom is living force just as living force is that of a cell of the human organism. Therefore, if we consider the chain reaction produced by the bombardment of a nucleus in other associated nuclei that constitute the cells of physical matter, the bombardment of the atom is comparable to the violence artificially exerted on a cell of the human body with elements that determine a cataclysm within the cell itself that causes the chain reaction in all the other cells of the organism. But this, unfortunately, is not a concept that everyone can easily understand.</p><p>My "General Theory of Exponents" contains the key that allows man of good will to take advantage of the balance and spherical symmetry of cosmic nature, exploiting its elemental energy to produce, with appropriate machines, thermal energy in a measure always adequate to his needs. ever-increasing needs.</p><p>Before stating my specific theory and formulating (separately) around it some technical suggestions that serve as a guide for the construction of the appropriate equipment for such an achievement, it does not seem out of place to report some other interesting scientific discoveries and in reporting some of my observations in relation to the same and the previous ones, to collect some interesting although elementary data.</p><p>1) In 1932. CD Anderson, studying cosmic rays with the cloud chamber, discovered the POSITRON, which is an elementary particle that differs from the electron only by the sign of the electric charge, positive instead of negative, for which the electron also comes positive, The life of the positron in matter is very short (a few billionths of a second): when it combines with a normal negative electron (Negaton) it is transformed into two gamma rays. Positron emission has also recently been observed in the radioactive phenomena of some artificial isotopes.</p><p>The discovery of the positron is one of the most interesting because it was used by FO Lawrence of Berkeley University in his antimatter studies. These, in fact, experimentally verified in 1955, the existence of the ANTIPROTON, which is a proton with a negative charge instead of a positive one.</p><p>A characteristic property of the Antiproton, already noted in studies on cosmic rays, is to cause the annihilation of any proton it encounters (and itself, by uniting intimately with it) with the emission of the amount of energy corresponding to the mass. thus created, represented by two EO gamma rays</p><p>Lawrence, on October 19, 1955, announced the discovery of the Antiproton as a great step in modern physics because it offered the possibility of artificially manufacturing ANTIMATTER, that is, a circle of ANTIHYDROGEN, constituted precisely by an atom and a Positron.</p><p>The antiproton, however, can only be produced artificially in the most modern “BEVATRONS” capable of imparting energies of the order of at least two billion electron volts to the particles.</p><p>In fact, the first experiments were carried out at the BEVATRONE in Brookhaven, near New York, which has been in operation since 1952 and is the only one in existence. It can impart energies on the order of several billion electron volts to electrified corpuscles. (hence the name Bevatrone, from BeV, acronym for one billion electron volts) never achieved until now.</p><p>The particles are kept in a roughly circular orbit by a slowly increasing magnetic field.</p><p>At one or more points along the trajectory they are subjected to the action of an electric field that accelerates them. The magnet has a diameter of 20 meters and weighs 4,000 tons. The experimental discovery of ANTIMATTER would constitute and confirm; for physicists, the proof of "quanta" mechanics according to which for each particle of the so-called "real" universe, there must be an opposite particle, so that each material particle must necessarily correspond to an anti-material particle.</p><p>By "real" universe we must understand all the matter that we see around us with the naked eye or with the optical means that science offers us, which is called "regular or positive matter."</p><p>But, the opposite of "regular and positive matter" is "irregular and negative matter" and not Antimatter which is different in its atomic properties, and means "substance that has the power to annihilate matter" as demonstrated by its existence in nature. of the Antiproton discovered by Lawrence.</p><p>Later I will try to demonstrate that negative matter exists just as the negative form of electricity exists.</p><p>For the moment, I would like to point out that matter has its opposite in "non-matter", that is, in a substance that does not possess the fundamental properties of matter which are, in physics, extension and mass.</p><p>Matter is therefore that which occupies a portion of space and therefore has a mass, that is, an inertia, and is composed of many particles or molecules interpenetrated with each other, with dimensions of the order of a millionth of a millimeter. (the number of molecules contained in one gram of matter is comparable to the number of grams of water contained in all the oceans).</p><p>"Non-matter," on the other hand, does not occupy a portion of space nor does it have mass. Consequently, none of the other properties that classical physics attributes to matter: impenetrability, divisibility, porosity, compressibility, etc.</p><p>It does not manifest itself in space like matter, but in time and is not static in nature but dynamic. It is not characterized by heat like matter, it is absolutely athermal.</p><p>It cannot be influenced in any way by atmospheric agents which, on the other hand, can cause a physical, chemical or physiological modification in the material.</p><p>It is therefore an imponderable, eternal, immutable, infinite and extremely dynamic entity, formed by spherical waves (like every phenomenon in the universe) that conditions and balances all natural phenomena because it participates in them.</p><p>It is properly a psychic substance, or better, "elementary psychic energy", a concept that goes beyond the conceptions of classical physics and this explains the reluctance of researchers to conceive it.</p><p>However, if we put our mind for a moment on the principle of the "unitary theory of the physical and biological world" and reflect on the cells that make up the organisms of human, animal and plant nature, we realize with relative ease that each of them is "mind" because material and immaterial elements contribute to its constitution, it is not difficult, by analogy, to conceive in the atoms that make up physical matter, as well as material substance, also the concurrence of immaterial substance, that is, of " elemental psychic energy."</p><p>If we then reflect on human reason, which is made up of psycho-physical energy units that are explained, as we all know, and we stop at spirituality and the speed and power of thought, we cannot help but admit the existence of a substance immaterial, bone "elementary psychic energy." Component not only of the constitution of our cells but also as the fundamental basis of our very existence.</p><p>Lawrence's discovery of the antiproton, which may constitute proof of the mechanics of "quanta", further consoles my previous modest reflections.</p><p>If, in fact, the effect of the collision of an antiproton with a randomly encountered proton causes the latter to emit so much energy due to its mass, causing its annihilation, it is clear that without elemental psychic energy matter cannot survive.</p><p>2) With my "General Theory of Exponents", in order to the law of gravity and that of spatial isolation, I explained: my vision of the universe according to which from the first instant of reversal of the spiritual state into the physical-thermal one, each unit was propelled through athermal space in particular directions, becoming revelations of a constant cosmic order.</p><p>The infinite cosmic space also acts from the matrix of intelligent directive orders, which initiates a new series of unitary associative processes until it assumes the characteristics of physics, due to saturation.</p><p>The psychic movement present in each infinitesimal cosmic point, in the magnetic absorbing moment, attracts, from the six different cardinal points, the units that are arranged around the one that acts as the nucleus, giving rise to a system that is progressive in spherism and regressive in the movement of translation based on seven isolated units of a spatial isolation field; dilatory force that acts rhythmically on the horizontal plane, neutralizing the absorbing power of the gravitational force, acting on the vertical plane and tending to absorb another isolated opposite unit. (empty).</p><p>These two supreme rhythmic movements of equal will and power but opposite, keep all energy units constantly isolated in an associative state to avoid any disintegrating physical contact (unitary and astral complexes).</p><p>Only due to the force of gravity and the force of even spatial isolations, the energy state can be preserved indefinitely without disintegrating due to the action of antigravity. (empty).</p><p>In other words; Every substantial physical presence is continually subject to the two laws of gravitation and counter-gravitation in alternation, and these two rhythmic actions acting with cosmic speed cause each unit of elemental energy to continually maintain its position of separation from other existing life, whether they are associated in unitary complexes or isolated, because what happens is a consequence of two equally powerful and fast forces although they act in opposite directions; That is, for one moment the action is gravitational, therefore magnetic, but in the next moment the action is opposite: that is, that of spatial isolation.</p><p>These two equal and retrograde forces, acting on each minimum unitary presence of thermo-physical energy, completely cover the entire cosmic universe, subjecting it to the maintenance of individual spaces of isolation. Therefore, every astral complex, whether of very modest dimensions or formidably large like the most gigantic galaxy, under these two contrary laws, can have its own space of isolation in the same way as a single</p><p>infinitesimal unit of energy.</p><p>The discovery of this principle of spatial isolation assumes the scientific importance of another universal law that has manifested itself in the course of my research: that of the directive orders of energy units.</p><p>These two laws constitute the two functional pillars of all creation and their different dynamics have the power of perennial continuity without ever failing, constituting the keys that open the book of all knowledge of the cosmic conception.</p><p>To understand the full importance of these laws that cover the entire universe, from the single unit of energy to the entire universal cosmic complex, it is also enough to reflect on the behavior of the units themselves and on their actions and observe how they act. They have their own inviolable protection field.</p><p>The first definition of gravity given by man was, in fact, a simple observation: "Falling objects", until Isaac Newton theorized that gravity consists of "A mass that attracts all other masses" and specified that a mass , by joining a greater mass, the force of attraction on it increases.</p><p>But after three centuries, this theory was sensationally challenged by Albert Einstein who, in essence, postulated that what Newton considered gravitational attraction is instead free force moving in curved space. In fact, Einstein's theory states that *A mass causes the curvature of space. Other masses move in this curved space":</p><p>This theory gives us the image of the behavior of the masses that are arranged on the periphery of an associative system but does not explain how the free force of movement is manifested in the curved space of the nuclear masses; It does not take into account the elementary particles whose properties, as I have tried to explain, are temperature and color; It ignores the mechanical influences and the behavior of the atoms and the magnetic force that presides over the cohesion of the exponents.</p><p>3) Weber in his careful experiments was convinced that a real separation is not possible to obtain a division of magnetism into its two poles.</p><p>By reducing a magnet, he verified that the two poles were always formed in the divided parts and, therefore, he believed that magnetism was nothing more than a constant electrical phenomenon attributable to matter.</p><p>Even earlier, Ampère declared that there is no essential difference between magnetism and an electric current and that free magnetism had never been revealed. Therefore, he thought it necessary to declare that Weber's elementary magnets were actually just small electric currents.</p><p>This abstruse physical problem, examined in this sense, formed the conviction that magnetism and electricity were nothing more than a single physical reality existing in matter, with this erroneous principle, the students of the two phenomena accepted as true the thought of Weber and Ampère and modern science still continue in this error by confusing the two phenomena, which are quite different, although one is a consequence of the other and vice versa.</p><p>This erroneous interpretation has not allowed official science to delve into the formative origins of the two phenomena and therefore has led to the logical impossibility of fully understanding the electrical and magnetic phenomena seen as two different manifestations, coming from a single spiritual (or psychic) force that flows now vertically becoming magnetic, now horizontally becoming electric current.</p><p>By wanting to continue in an error of principle, it is then difficult to recover the correct knowledge of other secondary phenomena derived from other fundamental ones: therefore, when reexamining these two problems separately, to understand them well it is necessary that our mind does not start from preconceptions but that seeks physical truth in a new investigation, decisively separating them, although both, as I have already said, are a consequence of the other.</p><p>By exponential magnetism we mean to define that form of cohesion that unites the "exponents", allowing the formation of matter.</p><p>The attraction that each Exponent exerts on others or another Exponent is determined by the presence of lines of centripetal force inserted in each newly created exponent, and these lines of centripetal force are due exclusively to the circulation of the spiritual forces of "*time" that , as we have been able to observe, promote a centripetal force that reveals magnetic characters.</p><p>This order of lines takes place in the vertical plane unlike power and centrifugal lines which take place in a left and right horizontal order.</p><p>In each exponent, two currents are formed that diverge from the center to the left or to the right, which vent in the direction of the two conventional poles, vertically concretizing the same lines of force that previously manifested themselves as a centrifugal current; having reached the poles, they become lines that converge towards the ideal center of the elemental Exponent.</p><p>The converging lines are centripetal with magnetic characters.</p><p>Now, we must consider that the elementary exponents do not all have the same directional order of revolution, each order and degree has its own exponents which will constantly rotate in that same direction throughout its existence.</p><p>This feature has meant that when the upper magnetic pole meets a lower magnetic pole, the two neutron currents absorb and bind each other due to the approach of the two fields; If, on the other hand, two exponents with equal poles on the same axis of influence are in opposition, they spontaneously repel each other.</p><p>Due to these divisive characteristics, the “force of spatial isolation” was generated and organic bipolarity and atomic polarity were created in physical bodies.</p><p>To witness a simple experiment of the forces of attraction of bodies, it will be enough to observe the behavior of two pieces of wood placed to float in a level of stagnant water: these two floats, if they are not too far from each other, will develop lines of attractive force that forces them to unite. This simple experiment is sufficient to demonstrate that solid bodies develop continuous emissions of attractive forces around them that are rarely identifiable; the same forces of sympathy and antipathy that develop in living beings.</p><p>In the latter case, the phenomenon will be defined as a psychic manifestation of animal magnetism (very little studied, furthermore, by official science) governed by the angular position of space.</p><p>THE LINES OF CENTRIPETAL FORCE IS STRONGER THE LESSER THE NUMBER OF UNITED EXPONENTS IS, AND WITH THE PROGRESS OF THEM THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION DECREASES, THE GREATER MASS THE LESS ATTRACTION:</p><p>The most important thing to clarify is not so much the existence of the force of attraction of bodies as the definition of the nature of these lines of force concentrated in all the Exponents of creation.</p><p>As a first argument, we must recognize that centripetal forces are due exclusively to the energy of "time" and not "space"; even if they have continuous development in it. Wanting to clarify the origin of these lines of force in a philosophical sense, it should be said that they specify the starting point of Creation.</p><p>The ideal point of physical creation is represented by the concentration of all the lines of force of hyperspace in which all directional orders can be contained in all longitudinal and latitudinal degrees, all focused on a single point called the "creative point" or "Creative idea."</p><p>These spiritual lines of force cannot merge into a static whole, because they are all opposite in direction; Therefore they are explosions of directional order launched into space. The two spiritual forces of the Orders were born from concentration and dilation, which alternate in minimal moments of time.</p><p>These two forces, when concentrated, are centripetal and absorbing, that is, magnetic, while they are centrifugal when expanded, and in this case they assume translational characteristics called "divergent electrical characteristics."</p><p>When the directional orders of the interspatial sphere are all concentrated at a single point, at that same point and at that same instant the first spark of light is generated by the arrest of the speeds of the spiritual lines of force and for the static concentration in a single point of the directional orders of space.</p><p>Each Exponent enters "time" at that precise moment in which it is born and from that moment the integral forces of "time" are inserted into its intimate physical structure in an indelible and eternal way, recording its magnetic and absorbing character and, ultimately, the act of birth that is affected as power over thermal and physical creation.</p><p>4) Limiting our attention now to the mass in which we live, the earth, let us remember that it is surrounded by the atmosphere. This is a mass of air that surrounds it and that with the same wheel participates in all its movements in outer space. It has a height of more than 200 km. but the layers of air that compose it become rarer as the height from sea level increases: and this while its composition varies.</p><p>From a biological point of view, air is a mixture of gases that we breathe: 20.90% oxygen: 70.18% nitrogen; 0.94% argon by volume, essential for our life at least in the proportion of 15% oxygen. But in the air there is also carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, traces of hydrogen, helium, krypton, xenon and, in the lower part and especially in inhabited and industrial centers, also ammonia, nitrates, hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid and atmospheric dust since they are the layers of air that make up the atmosphere.</p><p>Atmospheric dust is a complex of corpuscles that become visible in the path of light rays from a beam of sunlight that penetrates a dark environment through a hole or crevice formed by extremely small particles of organic and mineral substances. In industrial cities the dust is enormous. It is calculated that the dust suspended in the atmosphere over the city of Milan weighs more than: 18 centigrade for each cubic meter of air and that therefore all the material suspended and flying over the entire city reaches a weight of several tons.</p><p>What is said about the air refers to an area of the atmosphere with a height of 11 km. called troposphere whose mass constitutes three quarters of the total mass of the atmosphere and is the theater of ordinary meteorological phenomena. Higher up, based on direct observations made with balloons, detected light phenomena, direct ascents (Piccard up to 16 km; American study at more than 21 km),</p><p>It is believed that the temperature decreases with height and that the gases are arranged according to their density. In this region called stratostera (between 11 and 80 km high) and in the ionosphere (more than 80 km) there would be, in the mixture of atmospheric gases, compositions of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, but already at 100 km. high the air would be composed almost exclusively of hydrogen; with small amounts of helium in a state of extreme rarefaction.</p><p>Pure air, like all bodies, has a weight, a liter of pure air, at zero degrees and at 760 mm. pressure, weighs gr. 1.2928, that is, 773 times less than water, according to the calculations of Galileo and Torricelli. Atmospheric pressure is the action of the weight that air exerts on bodies. This action is highlighted with the barometer. This pressure is equivalent, at sea level, to the weight of a column of mercury 76 cm high for each cm. 2 of surface, or the weight of a column of water m. 10.33.</p><p>Hydrogen (H), named after</p><p>Lavoisier because when it burns in air it generates water, it is the lightest and most widespread element in the universe. Its atomic weight is therefore equal to 1, and constitutes the unit of measurement to determine the atomic weight of the other elements.</p><p>The nucleus of the hydrogen atom is then composed of a single proton, with a mass approximately equal to the mass of a single proton or a single neutron that constitutes the nucleus of the other elements and, in fact, the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element which determines the atomic weight of the element itself.</p><p>Also to establish the weight of the molecules.</p><p>of a body we must refer to the weight of a hydrogen atom, or better, to one-sixteenth of the weight of an oxygen atom.</p><p>In atmospheric dust there are therefore present, in enormous quantities, particles of organic and mineral substances, all with their weight, both wandering in a free state and combined with other elements, such as, for example, carbon (C), an atomic atom with weight of 12; which is the main component of all organic substances and which in the atmosphere is found in the state of carbon dioxide: or silicon (Si), with an atomic weight of 28.3, also a metalloid of the carbon family, which is part of many natural compounds; or iron (Fe) with an atomic weight of 55.84, which is found in the bicarbonate state and also in combination with oxygen and sulfur. Of the same element there can be different variants (isotopes) characterized by a different number of neutrons (therefore a different atomic weight), while the number of protons is constant for all isotopes of the same element and determines its chemical characteristics.</p><p>Since the proton is an electrically positive particle, while the neutron is (as its name suggests) electrically neutral, the nucleus of an element has a positive charge equal to the number of protons (atomic number) multiplied by the elemental charge of the proton. The protons and neutrons of the nucleus are closely linked to each other by the so-called "nuclear forces" linked to the existence in the nucleus of a third type of particles, the mesons, of negligible mass.</p><p>Around the positive nucleus, as the planets revolve around the sun - as we said - the negative electrons, of very small mass: the charge of each electron is equal in value to the positive charge of the proton, so that for neutral atoms (not ionized): the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, therefore the atomic number of the electron.</p><p>The set of electron trajectories constitutes the corona: there are internal electrons that travel along trajectories very close to the nucleus, external electrons that rotate relatively further away: the behavior of the atom in the face of X-rays is linked to the former, the latter far depend more specifically chemical and spectrographic properties, expansion coefficient, thermal and electrical conductivity, magnetic and non-atomic properties (compressibility</p><p>strength, etc..)</p><p>The importance of the outermost electrons</p><p>It is due to the fact that their link with the core is quite weak, and therefore they cannot be torn from their orbit with any ease.</p><p>The nucleus of atoms is generally very stable also because it is defended from external influences by the electron corona: to overcome this electrically charged zone it is necessary to use neutral projectiles (for example, the neutrons themselves released by other particularly suitable nuclei) or projectiles fast enough to overcome the intense electric fields of the corona (for example, electrons, or rather protons projected by the so-called ion accelerators).</p><p>By reaching the nucleus with these particles it can be broken, obtaining two or more different elements. This phenomenon, called "nuclear fission", is usually accompanied by the development of nuclear energy in the form of radiation of electromagnetic waves, or violent projections of heavy particles, usually helions. Nuclear reactions with energy development can occur spontaneously in some particularly unstable atoms or in unstable isotopes of normal elements.</p><p>Some physicists have admitted an identity between electrified corpuscles and electromagnetic waves and have spoken of electrons moving in a space of 6 or more dimensions, and of electrons having negative kinetic energy.</p><p>I have compiled all the above data, although carefully described and in part now common knowledge, to better illustrate my idea about the possibility of exploiting the balance and symmetry of cosmic nature without violating any physical laws, also making use of experimental experience of the results achieved in the nuclear field by modern physics, in order to create; without prejudice to humanity the energy necessary for its current needs.</p><p>Therefore, excluding a priori any system that involves, with nuclear chain reactions, incalculable damage to present and future humanity, especially with regard to the effects of radioactivity, I have tried to find the solution, both to avoid the direct bombardment of the nucleus to avoid, to reach it, overcoming the strong protective barriers constituted by the intense electric fields of the atomic corona.</p><p>The main problem I posed was, therefore, that of untying the atom, obviously taking into account that all that firmly binds matter together is centripetal magnetic power.</p><p>Therefore, this result can only be achieved on the condition of being able to cancel the force of gravity and the spatial isolation of the exponents that cause the disintegration of the unit of energy contained in them and, to achieve this, it is necessary to create the disorientation of the exponents. exponential directive orders.</p><p>First you have to have the raw material available, that is, the particles on which you can exert an antigravity action (that is, cancel its atomic weight), thus transforming the matter itself, from regular or positive to irregular or negative (inappropriately called by someone also "antimatter") and it does not matter if said particles belong to one element or another. As noted above, these exist in enormous quantities in atmospheric dust, so it is not difficult to isolate a certain amount in a suitable container.</p><p>Instead, the container itself will need to have a nearly spherical shape, at the perfect center of which a special antigravity machine can act in such a way as to calibrate the microscopic point of zero gravity in relation to the atomic weight of the chosen element.</p><p>The container constituted by a gravitational field and a magnetic field whose lines develop in a vertical direction and, evidently, diverge from the "zero" point towards the north and south poles of the sphere) and again by an electric field whose lines develop in the horizontal plane convergently with the point of divergence of the lines of the other two fields. That is, essentially the opposite of what happens in the normal rhythmic movements of the exponents.</p><p>The slight swirl of the particles contained within the fields, in the period of stasis of the electric field, causes some particles to be attracted to the point of zero gravity, instantly stopping their movement and expelling the elemental energy contained in them.</p><p>At this point, having deprived these particles of their electrical charge, we have obtained NEGATIVE MATTER (which is different in its atomic properties as has already been said from the antimatter desired by Lawrence.</p><p>By properly calibrating the point of zero gravity, as we have already seen, we can maneuver the positive matter to transform it into negative matter but we would not be able to push the negative matter out of the point of zero gravity because it would tend to return to the point.</p><p>This observation demonstrates that negative matter, when stimulated, produces and manifests negative energy that can be used as an antigravitational force.</p><p>It is by virtue of this negative energy that particles of negative matter cohere with each other and attract other atoms of negative matter to themselves while repelling those of any other regular matter. A negative gravitational field, that is, formed by negative energy emitted by negative matter, can therefore be used as gravitational propulsion.</p><p>However, it has been observed that, for negative matter to produce its energy, it is necessary to request its translational movement within the generating sphere from the point of zero gravity.</p><p>The extraordinary penetrating power of neutrons is well known and therefore it is imaginable what gravitational propulsion force could be emitted by the negative matter that would explain the reaction of the devised system.</p><p>But the production of negative matter must be intelligently dosed when we are going to put our reactor into operation.</p><p>Therefore, it will be necessary to respect the current times between the calibration of the zero gravity point of the generating machine and the start-up of the electric field that will provide the negative matter with the necessary thrust for its movement.</p><p>The violent electric shock exerted on the negative matter will create a subatomic movement by which the projected particles will be induced to follow the divergent vertical lines of the magnetic and gravitational fields.</p><p>The atoms of negative matter will attract other atoms of negative matter that will contribute, in single file, with their charge of negative energy to increase their thrust and therefore the speed of the reaction until they find the exit of the generating machine, composed of a conduit horizontal that will direct the beam of particles thus accelerated towards the desired target, in a straight line, at the speed of light and at a distance proportional to the power and quality of the electrical impulse adopted.</p><p>Otherwise, the reactor would self-destruct due to saturation since the reaction between regular matter and negative matter can only be exhausted by impact against a target composed of its own element or by saturation. In fact, the beam will pass through, without any damage, any object or matter in its path whose composition its own element has not contributed to.</p><p>The impact of the beam against the programmed target could cause the struck material to melt or vaporize due to the heat developed. However, the amount of heat that can be developed is adjustable by limiting the power of negative energy by controlling its production.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Wind7, post: 251689, member: 6388"] Ettore Majorana 26-2-1962 NEW “GENERAL THEORY OF EXPONENTS” ELEMENTAL ENERGY 1) For each of its creations, Nature has chosen the geometric shape of the sphere as the most perfect and harmonious. 2) In the infinite sphere of hyperspace There are only two great equal and opposite forces: the CENTRIFUGAL Force that animates SPACE and has a macroscopic development towards the outside and the CENTRIPETAL Force of TIME which is instead absorbing, magnetic with action of a centric order. 3) The centrifugal force of Space is expressed with lines of athermal character; It is not physical and propagates to absolute zero (-273.13°C). 4) The lines of force of Space are the essential explosion of three-dimensional directional orders (hyperspace) at the highest continuous speed existing in the Universe. (Psychic speed). 5) There are three universal speeds: A) Psychic speed, which is what occurs continuously at absolute zero; this is the speed of the extension of spatial orders, the speed of thought and human spirituality. B) The alternating cosmic speed, which is the displacement of the physical unit of Space-Time and which implies the greatest thermal energy, which it loses almost entirely in its reactionary course, reducing it to the conceivable minimum. C) Physical speed, which is that of the photons that in their alternating career transport photons already at one degree Celsius of physical heat above absolute zero. (-272.13°C) 6) Space-motion is equal to time-motion, but with reverse directional order. 7) The two forces of Space and Time, being of equal intensity and opposite, would cancel each other if they did not act in two different and alternate times, one of physical Space and the other of present Time. The alternating cycle of space and time movement represents the measurement of the unit of physical space, the unit of present time, the unit of elemental energy and the unit of alternating cosmic speed. 9) In the centripetal moment of present time, absorption occurs in the center of a whole range of spatial physical units that are concentrated at a single point, where single directional velocities stop. 10) In this moment of stopping at the central point of general convergence of the various orders, the first unit of elemental heat, cosmic light or plasma with elemental energy is generated. I called this first unit of physical space "ELEMENTAL EXPONENT" and it represents THE LAST INDIVISIBLE PARTICLE OF PHYSICAL MATTER. 11) ELEMENTAL ENERGY IS THEN ONLY THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SPEED OF VARIOUS DIRECTIONAL ORDERS TRANSMITTED AND STANDING IN A SINGLE CENTRAL POINT. 12) Each elemental exponent lives in its own field isolated from other neighboring fields by the LAW OF SPATIAL ISOLATION that I have discovered, by which each unit of space is separated from any other unit due to the field that is negative for all. 13) Each elementary exponent has two movements: one of translation, one of rotation around its ideal axis. The translational movement takes place at a cosmic speed. The rotational movement, while responding to this speed, is created when the translational movement stops being composed of static thermo-physical energy. 14) Each elemental exponent has its own immutable chromatic directive order that specifies its light chromatic character. 15) The four main directions They are represented by the four elemental colors that are revealed as Red and Blue light in the upper and inner neutral vertical plane. Yellow and indigo on the positive right horizontal plane and negative on the left. The intermediate directional orders are represented by the four complementary colors: Violet, Neutral, Orange, Green. All united, they constitute the basis of universal “chromolysis.” 16) THE ELEMENTAL EXPONENT THERMOPHYSICIST RECEIVES FROM SPACE ATERMIC AND PHYSICAL (NON-PHYSICAL) A FORMIDABLE REACTION IMPULSE THAT FORCES IT AT COSMIC SPEED, ALMOST TOTALLY SWITCHING OFF ITS THERMAL ENERGY. EVERY PHYSICAL CREATION OF NATURE IS SUBJECT TO THIS REACTION FORCE WHICH I HAVE CALLED "ZERO POWER". 17) Elemental Energy results in transnational dynamic lines of force because it is propelled by the zero power environmental reaction. 18) Elementary energy by becoming pure cosmic speed, almost completely loses its superlative thermal power and its integrity of energetémic light will return intact every time its translative movement is stopped and at the time of the total stop the speed will be changed to rotary movement . 19) To conserve thermo-physical energy In a state of static energy, other opposing orders will have to be opposed to its directional order. 20) More "quanta" of static elemental energy united in clear opposition reduce cosmic speed into physical speed. 21) THE GREATER THE NUMBER OF ENERGY EXPONENTS IN A PHYSICAL COMPLEX, THE LOWER WILL BE THE SPEED AND DIRECT ACTION OF THE ELEMENTAL ENERGY THAT IS HIDDEN AS THE PROGRESS OF THE PHYSICAL COMPLEX. 22) All physical matter is composed of exponential values of energy of various directional orders and each minimum order has the following constant characteristics: 1)immutable address 2)particular light color 3) own speed 4) constant and particular temperature. 23) Exponential associations with pose the entire atomic series and in individual atoms only two psychic forces are manifested: the centripetal nuclear and the centrifugal electronic. The electrons, unable to escape their centripetal magnetic field, dislocate in a translational movement around the nucleus, rotating around themselves in a spin movement. These two movements do not encounter any obstacles that could hinder them and, therefore, the thermal energy is minimal. By stopping these two electronic movements and the proton movement, the thermal energy reappears with its light. 24) When the atomic structure is saturated with electrons, protons and neutrons, the force of centric movement slows down in favor of eccentric movement, therefore, the decrease in magnetic force allows continuous collisions between the various electrons, protons and neutrons and , from these collisions new exponents of right and left horizontal order are generated and other neutral ones of vertical order that, due to the high degree of physical heat, emerge from the atom in a radioactive radiation with emission of rays: a B y. 25) From the natural mechanism of reversal of temporal orders into spatial orders, energy is translated into translational lines of force and can do work. Higher stall speeds translate into high thermal energy and physical light. 26) Contrary to what has been believed. until now, by reaction, THE HIGHEST SPEEDS HAVE THE MINIMUM DEGREE OF HEAT (just above absolute zero). And therefore, the minimum speeds of movement possess the greatest degree and thermal energy. 27) Consequently, precisely at the moment of arrest of the various directional orders of space there is the highest potential for thermal energy, heat and speed are, therefore, expressions of indirectly proportional physical manifestations. 28) By slowing down, heat is recovered to the original heat of creation at the centric static stop of many speeds. 29) At the instant in which all orders of speed stop at a central point, the phenomenon of energy, physical light and plasma is created and at the neutral central point THAT NEUTRAL PRINCIPLE OF DISPARITY OF PHYSICAL CREATION that I discovered is specified. 30) Since the principle of physical light It rests essentially on stopping speeds, it is not exactly scientific to define it as an electromagnetic phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS: based on all these fundamental principles of my "new general theory of Elemental Exponents", I believe that the most appropriate means to obtain Energy is magnetic, that is, making the directional orders existing in the sphere converge in the center. , forcing the single speeds to stop at a neutral central point, where, for a moment, the elemental energy will be composed by synthesis, as long as the alternating impulses are respected. It is necessary that the electromagnetic impulses be oriented from all points of the sphere towards the center, which represents that point of impact necessary to block all directional velocities in a single instant to convert them into Elemental Energy, obtaining the desired cosmic plasma. Prof. Luigi Fantappie, with his "Unitarian Theory of the Physical and Biological World", has requested important observations and considerations regarding experimental research on elemental energy and its developments. This postulate of yours, which I fully share, as demonstrated by my "General Theory of Exponents", states in fact that "all true laws of nature are symmetrical with respect to the two directions of time and that all phenomena in the universe are formed by spherical waves that, due to said symmetry, can be not only divergent (entropic phenomena) like those commonly observed, but also convergent (syntropic phenomena) which are substantially new ones that are discovered. Elemental energy permeates the entire universe, as It has been observed, because all its elements, none excluded, combine to form it. Without this living force, in fact, the universe would not exist, so it seems impossible to be able to compose elemental energy by synthesis, obtaining the cosmic plasma without faithfully reproducing the elements that contribute to its formation and the behavior of nature itself. Creating energy, or as they say in physics, the capacity of a body to produce work, has always been a need of man, which is very well satisfied with the empirical discovery of electrical energy and the mechanical means to produce it. However, taking into account that for some isotopes of elements with a higher atomic number, such as uranium, thorium, actinium, etc., radioactivity occurred spontaneously, which is, in fact, a complex of natural phenomena Linked to the 'instability of some nuclei of the atom', science thought that it could obtain radioactivity artificially by causing it by bombarding particles in the nuclei. Which happened regularly in atomic batteries and, later, in ion accelerators. The ancient dream of alchemists of transforming one element into another became a reality when the discoveries of radioactive substances took a new form and direction in 1919 by D. Rutherford who, by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles emitted by radium, obtained hydrogen and oxygen. Along the way, in 1930, the Germans Bothe and Becker verified that by bombarding light metals such as boron, lithium, beryl, with the alpha rays of polonium, very penetrating radiation is obtained. In 1932, spouses I. Curie and E. Joliot noticed that this penetrating radiation, with pendular substances such as paraffin, expelled protons with great kinetic energy and, still in the same year, J. Chadwick managed to establish how this Radiation was given by protons without an electrical charge, that is, neutrons, and precisely because without an electrical charge and therefore endowed with a large mass in a small volume, neutrons have such a high penetrating power; and, in fact, with neutrons it was possible to reach and penetrate the interior of heavy nuclei that had always resisted bombardment with positively charged particles. After Curie and Joliot obtained the radioactive elements of boron, magnesium and aluminum in 1934 by bombarding them, Enrico Fermi obtained artificial radioactive substances by bombarding the heavy uranium nucleus with neutrons slowed down by successive collisions with normal hydrogen nuclei, but it was later the Germans O. Hahn and F. Strassman who in 1938 discovered that bombarding uranium with neutrons produced an isotope in barium. As a consequence of this, CR Frisch and L. Meitner, collaborators of the Danish physicist Njels Bohr, stated the hypothesis that the absorption of a neutron by the uranium nucleus could cause its division into two almost equal fragments with the release of a large amount of energy; and. Enrico Fermi, sharing the statement, in turn issued the hypothesis that neutrons were released during the doubling, which implicitly admitted the possibility of a chain reaction; An atom hit by a neutron absorbs it, decays and emits other neutrons that hit other nuclei that repeat the absorption, splitting, emission of other neutrons and so on. Without wanting to remember all the feverish research that took place in 1939/40 and that unfortunately led, along with other discoveries, to the construction of the atomic bomb, it is worth mentioning that as early as 1905 Albert Einstein predicted that enormous amounts of energy could be developed by a internal cataclysm of the atom, breaking that a part of its matter, disappearing, would be transformed into energy, with a proportion equal to the square of the speed of light. From its equation it is deduced that the disappearance of one gram of matter is compensated by the production of 25 million kWh. of energy equivalent to the heat that 2,700 tons of coal can develop. If on the one hand the progress of science in this field may seem to bode well for humanity, we must point out the serious violence that man exercises on nature without taking into account the very serious consequences that can arise from it. The atoms of the different physical elements represent the cells of the cosmic substance and are all formed by the same elemental corpuscles grouped in different ways. The unitary criterion that underlies creation causes the atom, as ideally represented to us by Niels Bohr (the Bohr model), to form as a tiny planetary system, with a diameter equivalent to approximately 10 billionths of a centimeter. The sun of this system is the atomic nucleus, very compact and heavy (it contains practically all the mass of the system) formed by protons and neutrons, around which they rotate, like the planets around the sun, one or more electrons, corpuscles of insignificant mass, each with a negative charge. Even if we consider the infinitesimal size of the atom compared to the planetary system, violating the atom to split its nucleus is, in cosmogonic terms, like bombing the planetary system to create a cataclysm within the sun. The elemental energy contained in an atom is living force just as living force is that of a cell of the human organism. Therefore, if we consider the chain reaction produced by the bombardment of a nucleus in other associated nuclei that constitute the cells of physical matter, the bombardment of the atom is comparable to the violence artificially exerted on a cell of the human body with elements that determine a cataclysm within the cell itself that causes the chain reaction in all the other cells of the organism. But this, unfortunately, is not a concept that everyone can easily understand. My "General Theory of Exponents" contains the key that allows man of good will to take advantage of the balance and spherical symmetry of cosmic nature, exploiting its elemental energy to produce, with appropriate machines, thermal energy in a measure always adequate to his needs. ever-increasing needs. Before stating my specific theory and formulating (separately) around it some technical suggestions that serve as a guide for the construction of the appropriate equipment for such an achievement, it does not seem out of place to report some other interesting scientific discoveries and in reporting some of my observations in relation to the same and the previous ones, to collect some interesting although elementary data. 1) In 1932. CD Anderson, studying cosmic rays with the cloud chamber, discovered the POSITRON, which is an elementary particle that differs from the electron only by the sign of the electric charge, positive instead of negative, for which the electron also comes positive, The life of the positron in matter is very short (a few billionths of a second): when it combines with a normal negative electron (Negaton) it is transformed into two gamma rays. Positron emission has also recently been observed in the radioactive phenomena of some artificial isotopes. The discovery of the positron is one of the most interesting because it was used by FO Lawrence of Berkeley University in his antimatter studies. These, in fact, experimentally verified in 1955, the existence of the ANTIPROTON, which is a proton with a negative charge instead of a positive one. A characteristic property of the Antiproton, already noted in studies on cosmic rays, is to cause the annihilation of any proton it encounters (and itself, by uniting intimately with it) with the emission of the amount of energy corresponding to the mass. thus created, represented by two EO gamma rays Lawrence, on October 19, 1955, announced the discovery of the Antiproton as a great step in modern physics because it offered the possibility of artificially manufacturing ANTIMATTER, that is, a circle of ANTIHYDROGEN, constituted precisely by an atom and a Positron. The antiproton, however, can only be produced artificially in the most modern “BEVATRONS” capable of imparting energies of the order of at least two billion electron volts to the particles. In fact, the first experiments were carried out at the BEVATRONE in Brookhaven, near New York, which has been in operation since 1952 and is the only one in existence. It can impart energies on the order of several billion electron volts to electrified corpuscles. (hence the name Bevatrone, from BeV, acronym for one billion electron volts) never achieved until now. The particles are kept in a roughly circular orbit by a slowly increasing magnetic field. At one or more points along the trajectory they are subjected to the action of an electric field that accelerates them. The magnet has a diameter of 20 meters and weighs 4,000 tons. The experimental discovery of ANTIMATTER would constitute and confirm; for physicists, the proof of "quanta" mechanics according to which for each particle of the so-called "real" universe, there must be an opposite particle, so that each material particle must necessarily correspond to an anti-material particle. By "real" universe we must understand all the matter that we see around us with the naked eye or with the optical means that science offers us, which is called "regular or positive matter." But, the opposite of "regular and positive matter" is "irregular and negative matter" and not Antimatter which is different in its atomic properties, and means "substance that has the power to annihilate matter" as demonstrated by its existence in nature. of the Antiproton discovered by Lawrence. Later I will try to demonstrate that negative matter exists just as the negative form of electricity exists. For the moment, I would like to point out that matter has its opposite in "non-matter", that is, in a substance that does not possess the fundamental properties of matter which are, in physics, extension and mass. Matter is therefore that which occupies a portion of space and therefore has a mass, that is, an inertia, and is composed of many particles or molecules interpenetrated with each other, with dimensions of the order of a millionth of a millimeter. (the number of molecules contained in one gram of matter is comparable to the number of grams of water contained in all the oceans). "Non-matter," on the other hand, does not occupy a portion of space nor does it have mass. Consequently, none of the other properties that classical physics attributes to matter: impenetrability, divisibility, porosity, compressibility, etc. It does not manifest itself in space like matter, but in time and is not static in nature but dynamic. It is not characterized by heat like matter, it is absolutely athermal. It cannot be influenced in any way by atmospheric agents which, on the other hand, can cause a physical, chemical or physiological modification in the material. It is therefore an imponderable, eternal, immutable, infinite and extremely dynamic entity, formed by spherical waves (like every phenomenon in the universe) that conditions and balances all natural phenomena because it participates in them. It is properly a psychic substance, or better, "elementary psychic energy", a concept that goes beyond the conceptions of classical physics and this explains the reluctance of researchers to conceive it. However, if we put our mind for a moment on the principle of the "unitary theory of the physical and biological world" and reflect on the cells that make up the organisms of human, animal and plant nature, we realize with relative ease that each of them is "mind" because material and immaterial elements contribute to its constitution, it is not difficult, by analogy, to conceive in the atoms that make up physical matter, as well as material substance, also the concurrence of immaterial substance, that is, of " elemental psychic energy." If we then reflect on human reason, which is made up of psycho-physical energy units that are explained, as we all know, and we stop at spirituality and the speed and power of thought, we cannot help but admit the existence of a substance immaterial, bone "elementary psychic energy." Component not only of the constitution of our cells but also as the fundamental basis of our very existence. Lawrence's discovery of the antiproton, which may constitute proof of the mechanics of "quanta", further consoles my previous modest reflections. If, in fact, the effect of the collision of an antiproton with a randomly encountered proton causes the latter to emit so much energy due to its mass, causing its annihilation, it is clear that without elemental psychic energy matter cannot survive. 2) With my "General Theory of Exponents", in order to the law of gravity and that of spatial isolation, I explained: my vision of the universe according to which from the first instant of reversal of the spiritual state into the physical-thermal one, each unit was propelled through athermal space in particular directions, becoming revelations of a constant cosmic order. The infinite cosmic space also acts from the matrix of intelligent directive orders, which initiates a new series of unitary associative processes until it assumes the characteristics of physics, due to saturation. The psychic movement present in each infinitesimal cosmic point, in the magnetic absorbing moment, attracts, from the six different cardinal points, the units that are arranged around the one that acts as the nucleus, giving rise to a system that is progressive in spherism and regressive in the movement of translation based on seven isolated units of a spatial isolation field; dilatory force that acts rhythmically on the horizontal plane, neutralizing the absorbing power of the gravitational force, acting on the vertical plane and tending to absorb another isolated opposite unit. (empty). These two supreme rhythmic movements of equal will and power but opposite, keep all energy units constantly isolated in an associative state to avoid any disintegrating physical contact (unitary and astral complexes). Only due to the force of gravity and the force of even spatial isolations, the energy state can be preserved indefinitely without disintegrating due to the action of antigravity. (empty). In other words; Every substantial physical presence is continually subject to the two laws of gravitation and counter-gravitation in alternation, and these two rhythmic actions acting with cosmic speed cause each unit of elemental energy to continually maintain its position of separation from other existing life, whether they are associated in unitary complexes or isolated, because what happens is a consequence of two equally powerful and fast forces although they act in opposite directions; That is, for one moment the action is gravitational, therefore magnetic, but in the next moment the action is opposite: that is, that of spatial isolation. These two equal and retrograde forces, acting on each minimum unitary presence of thermo-physical energy, completely cover the entire cosmic universe, subjecting it to the maintenance of individual spaces of isolation. Therefore, every astral complex, whether of very modest dimensions or formidably large like the most gigantic galaxy, under these two contrary laws, can have its own space of isolation in the same way as a single infinitesimal unit of energy. The discovery of this principle of spatial isolation assumes the scientific importance of another universal law that has manifested itself in the course of my research: that of the directive orders of energy units. These two laws constitute the two functional pillars of all creation and their different dynamics have the power of perennial continuity without ever failing, constituting the keys that open the book of all knowledge of the cosmic conception. To understand the full importance of these laws that cover the entire universe, from the single unit of energy to the entire universal cosmic complex, it is also enough to reflect on the behavior of the units themselves and on their actions and observe how they act. They have their own inviolable protection field. The first definition of gravity given by man was, in fact, a simple observation: "Falling objects", until Isaac Newton theorized that gravity consists of "A mass that attracts all other masses" and specified that a mass , by joining a greater mass, the force of attraction on it increases. But after three centuries, this theory was sensationally challenged by Albert Einstein who, in essence, postulated that what Newton considered gravitational attraction is instead free force moving in curved space. In fact, Einstein's theory states that *A mass causes the curvature of space. Other masses move in this curved space": This theory gives us the image of the behavior of the masses that are arranged on the periphery of an associative system but does not explain how the free force of movement is manifested in the curved space of the nuclear masses; It does not take into account the elementary particles whose properties, as I have tried to explain, are temperature and color; It ignores the mechanical influences and the behavior of the atoms and the magnetic force that presides over the cohesion of the exponents. 3) Weber in his careful experiments was convinced that a real separation is not possible to obtain a division of magnetism into its two poles. By reducing a magnet, he verified that the two poles were always formed in the divided parts and, therefore, he believed that magnetism was nothing more than a constant electrical phenomenon attributable to matter. Even earlier, Ampère declared that there is no essential difference between magnetism and an electric current and that free magnetism had never been revealed. Therefore, he thought it necessary to declare that Weber's elementary magnets were actually just small electric currents. This abstruse physical problem, examined in this sense, formed the conviction that magnetism and electricity were nothing more than a single physical reality existing in matter, with this erroneous principle, the students of the two phenomena accepted as true the thought of Weber and Ampère and modern science still continue in this error by confusing the two phenomena, which are quite different, although one is a consequence of the other and vice versa. This erroneous interpretation has not allowed official science to delve into the formative origins of the two phenomena and therefore has led to the logical impossibility of fully understanding the electrical and magnetic phenomena seen as two different manifestations, coming from a single spiritual (or psychic) force that flows now vertically becoming magnetic, now horizontally becoming electric current. By wanting to continue in an error of principle, it is then difficult to recover the correct knowledge of other secondary phenomena derived from other fundamental ones: therefore, when reexamining these two problems separately, to understand them well it is necessary that our mind does not start from preconceptions but that seeks physical truth in a new investigation, decisively separating them, although both, as I have already said, are a consequence of the other. By exponential magnetism we mean to define that form of cohesion that unites the "exponents", allowing the formation of matter. The attraction that each Exponent exerts on others or another Exponent is determined by the presence of lines of centripetal force inserted in each newly created exponent, and these lines of centripetal force are due exclusively to the circulation of the spiritual forces of "*time" that , as we have been able to observe, promote a centripetal force that reveals magnetic characters. This order of lines takes place in the vertical plane unlike power and centrifugal lines which take place in a left and right horizontal order. In each exponent, two currents are formed that diverge from the center to the left or to the right, which vent in the direction of the two conventional poles, vertically concretizing the same lines of force that previously manifested themselves as a centrifugal current; having reached the poles, they become lines that converge towards the ideal center of the elemental Exponent. The converging lines are centripetal with magnetic characters. Now, we must consider that the elementary exponents do not all have the same directional order of revolution, each order and degree has its own exponents which will constantly rotate in that same direction throughout its existence. This feature has meant that when the upper magnetic pole meets a lower magnetic pole, the two neutron currents absorb and bind each other due to the approach of the two fields; If, on the other hand, two exponents with equal poles on the same axis of influence are in opposition, they spontaneously repel each other. Due to these divisive characteristics, the “force of spatial isolation” was generated and organic bipolarity and atomic polarity were created in physical bodies. To witness a simple experiment of the forces of attraction of bodies, it will be enough to observe the behavior of two pieces of wood placed to float in a level of stagnant water: these two floats, if they are not too far from each other, will develop lines of attractive force that forces them to unite. This simple experiment is sufficient to demonstrate that solid bodies develop continuous emissions of attractive forces around them that are rarely identifiable; the same forces of sympathy and antipathy that develop in living beings. In the latter case, the phenomenon will be defined as a psychic manifestation of animal magnetism (very little studied, furthermore, by official science) governed by the angular position of space. THE LINES OF CENTRIPETAL FORCE IS STRONGER THE LESSER THE NUMBER OF UNITED EXPONENTS IS, AND WITH THE PROGRESS OF THEM THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION DECREASES, THE GREATER MASS THE LESS ATTRACTION: The most important thing to clarify is not so much the existence of the force of attraction of bodies as the definition of the nature of these lines of force concentrated in all the Exponents of creation. As a first argument, we must recognize that centripetal forces are due exclusively to the energy of "time" and not "space"; even if they have continuous development in it. Wanting to clarify the origin of these lines of force in a philosophical sense, it should be said that they specify the starting point of Creation. The ideal point of physical creation is represented by the concentration of all the lines of force of hyperspace in which all directional orders can be contained in all longitudinal and latitudinal degrees, all focused on a single point called the "creative point" or "Creative idea." These spiritual lines of force cannot merge into a static whole, because they are all opposite in direction; Therefore they are explosions of directional order launched into space. The two spiritual forces of the Orders were born from concentration and dilation, which alternate in minimal moments of time. These two forces, when concentrated, are centripetal and absorbing, that is, magnetic, while they are centrifugal when expanded, and in this case they assume translational characteristics called "divergent electrical characteristics." When the directional orders of the interspatial sphere are all concentrated at a single point, at that same point and at that same instant the first spark of light is generated by the arrest of the speeds of the spiritual lines of force and for the static concentration in a single point of the directional orders of space. Each Exponent enters "time" at that precise moment in which it is born and from that moment the integral forces of "time" are inserted into its intimate physical structure in an indelible and eternal way, recording its magnetic and absorbing character and, ultimately, the act of birth that is affected as power over thermal and physical creation. 4) Limiting our attention now to the mass in which we live, the earth, let us remember that it is surrounded by the atmosphere. This is a mass of air that surrounds it and that with the same wheel participates in all its movements in outer space. It has a height of more than 200 km. but the layers of air that compose it become rarer as the height from sea level increases: and this while its composition varies. From a biological point of view, air is a mixture of gases that we breathe: 20.90% oxygen: 70.18% nitrogen; 0.94% argon by volume, essential for our life at least in the proportion of 15% oxygen. But in the air there is also carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, traces of hydrogen, helium, krypton, xenon and, in the lower part and especially in inhabited and industrial centers, also ammonia, nitrates, hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid and atmospheric dust since they are the layers of air that make up the atmosphere. Atmospheric dust is a complex of corpuscles that become visible in the path of light rays from a beam of sunlight that penetrates a dark environment through a hole or crevice formed by extremely small particles of organic and mineral substances. In industrial cities the dust is enormous. It is calculated that the dust suspended in the atmosphere over the city of Milan weighs more than: 18 centigrade for each cubic meter of air and that therefore all the material suspended and flying over the entire city reaches a weight of several tons. What is said about the air refers to an area of the atmosphere with a height of 11 km. called troposphere whose mass constitutes three quarters of the total mass of the atmosphere and is the theater of ordinary meteorological phenomena. Higher up, based on direct observations made with balloons, detected light phenomena, direct ascents (Piccard up to 16 km; American study at more than 21 km), It is believed that the temperature decreases with height and that the gases are arranged according to their density. In this region called stratostera (between 11 and 80 km high) and in the ionosphere (more than 80 km) there would be, in the mixture of atmospheric gases, compositions of nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, but already at 100 km. high the air would be composed almost exclusively of hydrogen; with small amounts of helium in a state of extreme rarefaction. Pure air, like all bodies, has a weight, a liter of pure air, at zero degrees and at 760 mm. pressure, weighs gr. 1.2928, that is, 773 times less than water, according to the calculations of Galileo and Torricelli. Atmospheric pressure is the action of the weight that air exerts on bodies. This action is highlighted with the barometer. This pressure is equivalent, at sea level, to the weight of a column of mercury 76 cm high for each cm. 2 of surface, or the weight of a column of water m. 10.33. Hydrogen (H), named after Lavoisier because when it burns in air it generates water, it is the lightest and most widespread element in the universe. Its atomic weight is therefore equal to 1, and constitutes the unit of measurement to determine the atomic weight of the other elements. The nucleus of the hydrogen atom is then composed of a single proton, with a mass approximately equal to the mass of a single proton or a single neutron that constitutes the nucleus of the other elements and, in fact, the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element which determines the atomic weight of the element itself. Also to establish the weight of the molecules. of a body we must refer to the weight of a hydrogen atom, or better, to one-sixteenth of the weight of an oxygen atom. In atmospheric dust there are therefore present, in enormous quantities, particles of organic and mineral substances, all with their weight, both wandering in a free state and combined with other elements, such as, for example, carbon (C), an atomic atom with weight of 12; which is the main component of all organic substances and which in the atmosphere is found in the state of carbon dioxide: or silicon (Si), with an atomic weight of 28.3, also a metalloid of the carbon family, which is part of many natural compounds; or iron (Fe) with an atomic weight of 55.84, which is found in the bicarbonate state and also in combination with oxygen and sulfur. Of the same element there can be different variants (isotopes) characterized by a different number of neutrons (therefore a different atomic weight), while the number of protons is constant for all isotopes of the same element and determines its chemical characteristics. Since the proton is an electrically positive particle, while the neutron is (as its name suggests) electrically neutral, the nucleus of an element has a positive charge equal to the number of protons (atomic number) multiplied by the elemental charge of the proton. The protons and neutrons of the nucleus are closely linked to each other by the so-called "nuclear forces" linked to the existence in the nucleus of a third type of particles, the mesons, of negligible mass. Around the positive nucleus, as the planets revolve around the sun - as we said - the negative electrons, of very small mass: the charge of each electron is equal in value to the positive charge of the proton, so that for neutral atoms (not ionized): the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, therefore the atomic number of the electron. The set of electron trajectories constitutes the corona: there are internal electrons that travel along trajectories very close to the nucleus, external electrons that rotate relatively further away: the behavior of the atom in the face of X-rays is linked to the former, the latter far depend more specifically chemical and spectrographic properties, expansion coefficient, thermal and electrical conductivity, magnetic and non-atomic properties (compressibility strength, etc..) The importance of the outermost electrons It is due to the fact that their link with the core is quite weak, and therefore they cannot be torn from their orbit with any ease. The nucleus of atoms is generally very stable also because it is defended from external influences by the electron corona: to overcome this electrically charged zone it is necessary to use neutral projectiles (for example, the neutrons themselves released by other particularly suitable nuclei) or projectiles fast enough to overcome the intense electric fields of the corona (for example, electrons, or rather protons projected by the so-called ion accelerators). By reaching the nucleus with these particles it can be broken, obtaining two or more different elements. This phenomenon, called "nuclear fission", is usually accompanied by the development of nuclear energy in the form of radiation of electromagnetic waves, or violent projections of heavy particles, usually helions. Nuclear reactions with energy development can occur spontaneously in some particularly unstable atoms or in unstable isotopes of normal elements. Some physicists have admitted an identity between electrified corpuscles and electromagnetic waves and have spoken of electrons moving in a space of 6 or more dimensions, and of electrons having negative kinetic energy. I have compiled all the above data, although carefully described and in part now common knowledge, to better illustrate my idea about the possibility of exploiting the balance and symmetry of cosmic nature without violating any physical laws, also making use of experimental experience of the results achieved in the nuclear field by modern physics, in order to create; without prejudice to humanity the energy necessary for its current needs. Therefore, excluding a priori any system that involves, with nuclear chain reactions, incalculable damage to present and future humanity, especially with regard to the effects of radioactivity, I have tried to find the solution, both to avoid the direct bombardment of the nucleus to avoid, to reach it, overcoming the strong protective barriers constituted by the intense electric fields of the atomic corona. The main problem I posed was, therefore, that of untying the atom, obviously taking into account that all that firmly binds matter together is centripetal magnetic power. Therefore, this result can only be achieved on the condition of being able to cancel the force of gravity and the spatial isolation of the exponents that cause the disintegration of the unit of energy contained in them and, to achieve this, it is necessary to create the disorientation of the exponents. exponential directive orders. First you have to have the raw material available, that is, the particles on which you can exert an antigravity action (that is, cancel its atomic weight), thus transforming the matter itself, from regular or positive to irregular or negative (inappropriately called by someone also "antimatter") and it does not matter if said particles belong to one element or another. As noted above, these exist in enormous quantities in atmospheric dust, so it is not difficult to isolate a certain amount in a suitable container. Instead, the container itself will need to have a nearly spherical shape, at the perfect center of which a special antigravity machine can act in such a way as to calibrate the microscopic point of zero gravity in relation to the atomic weight of the chosen element. The container constituted by a gravitational field and a magnetic field whose lines develop in a vertical direction and, evidently, diverge from the "zero" point towards the north and south poles of the sphere) and again by an electric field whose lines develop in the horizontal plane convergently with the point of divergence of the lines of the other two fields. That is, essentially the opposite of what happens in the normal rhythmic movements of the exponents. The slight swirl of the particles contained within the fields, in the period of stasis of the electric field, causes some particles to be attracted to the point of zero gravity, instantly stopping their movement and expelling the elemental energy contained in them. At this point, having deprived these particles of their electrical charge, we have obtained NEGATIVE MATTER (which is different in its atomic properties as has already been said from the antimatter desired by Lawrence. By properly calibrating the point of zero gravity, as we have already seen, we can maneuver the positive matter to transform it into negative matter but we would not be able to push the negative matter out of the point of zero gravity because it would tend to return to the point. This observation demonstrates that negative matter, when stimulated, produces and manifests negative energy that can be used as an antigravitational force. It is by virtue of this negative energy that particles of negative matter cohere with each other and attract other atoms of negative matter to themselves while repelling those of any other regular matter. A negative gravitational field, that is, formed by negative energy emitted by negative matter, can therefore be used as gravitational propulsion. However, it has been observed that, for negative matter to produce its energy, it is necessary to request its translational movement within the generating sphere from the point of zero gravity. The extraordinary penetrating power of neutrons is well known and therefore it is imaginable what gravitational propulsion force could be emitted by the negative matter that would explain the reaction of the devised system. But the production of negative matter must be intelligently dosed when we are going to put our reactor into operation. Therefore, it will be necessary to respect the current times between the calibration of the zero gravity point of the generating machine and the start-up of the electric field that will provide the negative matter with the necessary thrust for its movement. The violent electric shock exerted on the negative matter will create a subatomic movement by which the projected particles will be induced to follow the divergent vertical lines of the magnetic and gravitational fields. The atoms of negative matter will attract other atoms of negative matter that will contribute, in single file, with their charge of negative energy to increase their thrust and therefore the speed of the reaction until they find the exit of the generating machine, composed of a conduit horizontal that will direct the beam of particles thus accelerated towards the desired target, in a straight line, at the speed of light and at a distance proportional to the power and quality of the electrical impulse adopted. Otherwise, the reactor would self-destruct due to saturation since the reaction between regular matter and negative matter can only be exhausted by impact against a target composed of its own element or by saturation. In fact, the beam will pass through, without any damage, any object or matter in its path whose composition its own element has not contributed to. The impact of the beam against the programmed target could cause the struck material to melt or vaporize due to the heat developed. However, the amount of heat that can be developed is adjustable by limiting the power of negative energy by controlling its production. [/QUOTE]
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General Theory of the Exponents (Ettore Majorana)
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