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Time Machines & Experiments
The Secret Time Travel Experiments of Nikola Tesla
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<blockquote data-quote="Opmmur" data-source="post: 149960" data-attributes="member: 13"><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Sponsored by Vangard Sciences</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">PO BOX 1031</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Mesquite, TX 75150</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">January 30, 1993</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">TESLAFE1.ASC</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">This file was inspired by a newspaper article in the local Dallas</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Morning News. It was in a column called "Texas Sketches" written by</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">A.C. Greene. I called Mr. Green and Mr. Langkop who both</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">courteously sent the additional source material. Both also</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">expressed an interest in more Tesla information as well as Texas</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">experimenters, we are sending them material in return. There is</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">also a second file with my thoughts on the Tesla power box, that</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">file is listed on KeelyNet as TESLAFE2.ASC.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">from January 24th, Sunday - Dallas Morning News</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Texas Sketches column</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">The Electric Auto that almost triumphed</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Power Source of '31 car still a mystery</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">by A.C. Greene</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Not long ago, Texas Sketches told the story of Henry "Dad" Garrett</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">and his son C.H.'s water-fueled automobile, which was successfully</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">demonstrated in 1935 at White Rock Lake in Dallas.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Eugene Langkop of Dallas (a Packard lover, like so many of us) notes</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">that the "wonder car" of the future may be a resurrection of the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electric car. It uses no gasoline, no oil - just some grease</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">fittings - has no radiator to fill or freeze, no carburetor</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">problems, no muffler to replace and gives off no pollutants.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Famous former electrics include Columbia, Rauch & Lang and Detroit</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Electric.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Dallas had electric delivery trucks in the 1920s and 30s. Many</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electric delivery vehicles were used in big cities into the 1960s.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">The problem with electrics was slow speed and short range.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Within the past decade two Richardson men, George Thiess and Jack</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Hooker, claimed to have used batteries operating on magnesium from</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">seawater to increase the range of their electric automobile from 100</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">miles to 400 or 500 miles.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">But it is a mystery car once demonstrated by Nikola Tesla, developer</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">of alternating current, that might have made electrics triumphant.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Supported by the Pierce-Arrow Co. and General Electric in 1931, he</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">took the gasoline engine from a new Pierce-Arrow and replaced it</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Page 1</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">with an 80-horsepower alternating-current electric motor with no</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">external power source.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">At a local radio shop he bought 12 vacuum tubes, some wires and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">assorted resistors, and assembled them in a circuit box 24 inches</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">long, 12 inches wide and 6 inches high, with a pair of 3-inch rods</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">sticking out. Getting into the car with the circuit box in the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">front seat beside him, he pushed the rods in, announced, "We now</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">have power," and proceeded to test drive the car for a week, often</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">at speeds of up to 90 mph.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">As it was an alternating-current motor and there were no batteries</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">involved, where did the power come from?</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Popular responses included charges of "black magic," and the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">sensitive genius didn't like the skeptical comments of the press.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">He removed his mysterious box, returned to his laboratory in New</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">York - and the secret of his power source died with him.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">--------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">A.C. Greene is an author and Texas historian who lives in Salado.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">--------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">*** The original article from which Mr. Greene gleaned the above</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">*** info was from a Packard Newsletter. Mr. Gene Langkopf kindly</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">*** sent us a copy of that article which now follows.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">--------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">The Forgotten Art of Electric - Powered Automobiles</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">by Arthur Abrom</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Electric powered automobiles were one of the earliest considerations</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">and this mode of propulsion enjoyed a brief but short reign. The</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">development of electricity as a workable source of power for mankind</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">has been studded with great controversy.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Thomas A. Edison was the first to start to market systems (i.e.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electric generators) of any commercial value. His research and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">developmental skills were utilized to market a "direct current"</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">system of electricity. Ships were equipped with D.C. systems and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">municipalities began lighting their streets with this revolutionary</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">D.C. electric system. (At that time) Edison was the sole source of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electricity!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">While in the process of commercializing electricity, Thomas Edison</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">hired men who knew of the new scientific gift to the world and were</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">capable of new applications for electricity. One such man was a</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">foreigner named Nikola Tesla. This man, although not known to many</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">of us today, was without a doubt the greatest scientific mind that</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">has ever lived. His accomplishments dwarfed even Thomas Edison's!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Whereas Mr. Edison was a great experimenter, Mr. Tesla was a great</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">theoretician. Nikola Tesla became frustrated and very much annoyed</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">at the procedures Edison followed.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Tesla would rather calculate the possibility of something working</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">(i.e. mathematical investigation) than the hit and miss technique of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">constant experimentation. So in the heat of an argument, he quit</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">one day and stormed out of Edison's laboratory in West Orange, New</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Jersey.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Working on his own, Tesla conceived and built the first working</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Page 2</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">alternating current generator. He, and he alone, is responsible for</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">all of the advantages we enjoy today because of A.C. electric power.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Angered by Edison, Tesla sold his new patents to George Westinghouse</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">for 15 million dollars in the very early 1900's. Tesla became</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">totally independent and proceeded to carry on his investigative</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">research in his laboratory on 5th Avenue in New York City.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">George Westinghouse began to market this new system of electric</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">generators and was in competition with Edison. Westinghouse</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">prevailed because of the greater superiority of the A.C. generators</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">over the less efficient D.C. power supplies of Thomas Edison.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Today, A.C. power is the only source of electricity the world uses.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">And, please remember, Nikola Tesla is the man who developed it.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Now specifically dealing with automobiles in the infant days of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">their development, electric propulsion was considered and used. An</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electric powered automobile possessed many advantages that the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">noisy, cantankerous, smoke-belching gasoline cars could not offer.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">First and foremost is the absolute silence one experiences when</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">riding in an electrically powered vehicle. There is not even a hint</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">of noise. One simply turns a key and steps on the accelerator - the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">vehicle moves instantly! No cranking from the start, no crank to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">turn (this was before electric starters), no pumping of the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">accelerator, no spark control to advance and no throttle linkage to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">pre-set before starting. One simply turned the ignition switch to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">on!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Second, is a sense of power. If one wants to increase speed, you</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">simply depress the accelerator further - there is never any</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">hesitation. Releasing the accelerator causes the vehicle to slow</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">down immediately - you are always in complete control. It is not</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">difficult to understand why these vehicles were so very popular</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">around the turn of the century and until 1912 or so.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">The big disadvantage to these cars was their range and need for re-</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">charging every single night. All of these electric vehicles used a</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">series of batteries and a D.C. motor to move itself about. The</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">batteries require recharging every night and the range of travel was</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">restricted to about 100 miles. Understand that this restriction was</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">not a serious one in the early part of this century. Doctors began</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">making house calls with electric cars (do you remember doctors</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">making house calls?) because he no longer needed to tend to the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">horse at night time - just plug the car into an electric socket! No</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">feeding, no rub-down and no mess to clean up!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Many of the large department stores in metropolitan areas began</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">purchasing delivery trucks that were electrically powered. They</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">were silent and emitted no pollutants. And, maintenance was a</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">minimum on electrically powered vehicles. There were few mechanics</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">and garages in operation in the early 1900's. So city life and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">travel appeared to be willing to embrace the electric automobile.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Remember, these masterfully built vehicles all ran on D.C. current.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Two things happened to dampen the popularity of the electric</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">automobile. One was the subconscious craving for speed that gripped</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">all auto enthusisasts of this era. Each manufacturer was eager to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">show how far his car could travel (i.e. the transcontinental races)</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">and what was its top speed! Col. Vanderbilt constructed the first</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Page 3</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">all concrete race track in Long Island and racing became the passion</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">for the well-to-do. Newspapers constantly record new records of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">speed achieved by so-in-so. And, of course, the automobile</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">manufacturers were quick to capitalize on the advertising effect of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">these new peaks of speed. Both of these events made the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electrically powered vehicles appear to only belong to the "little</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">old lady" down the street or the old retired gentleman who talked</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">about the "good old days".</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Electric vehicles could not reach speeds of 45 or 50 m.p.h. for this</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">would have destroyed the batteries in moments. Bursts of speeds of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">25 to 35 m.p.h. could be maintained for a moment or so. Normal</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">driving speed-depending upon traffic conditions, was 15 to 20 m.p.h.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">by 1900 to 1910 standards, this was an acceptable speed limit to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">obtain from your electric vehicle.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Please note that none of the manufacturers of electric cars ever</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">installed a D.C. generator. This would have put a small charge back</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">into the batteries as the car moved about and would have thereby</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">increased its operating range. This was considered by some to be</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">approaching perpetual motion - and that, of course, was utterly</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">impossible! Actually, D.C. generators would have worked and helped</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">the electric car cause.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">As mentioned earlier, Mr. Westinghouse's A.C. current generating</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">equipment was being sold and installed about the country. The</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">earlier D.C. equipment was being retired and disregarded. As a side</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">note, Consolidated Edison Power Company of New York City still has</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">one of Thomas Edison's D.C. generators installed in its 14th St.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">powerhouse - it still works! About this time, another giant</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">corporation was formed and entered the A.C. generating equipment</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">field - General Electric. This spelled the absolute end for</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Edison's D.C. power supply systems as a commercial means of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">generating and distributing electric power.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">The electric automobile could not be adapted to accomodate and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">utilize a polyphase motor (i.e. A.C. power). Since they used</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">batteries as a source of power, their extinction was sealed. No</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">battery can put out an A.C. signal. True, a converter could be</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">utilized (i.e. convert the D.C. signal from the battery to an A.C.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">signal), but the size of the equipment at this time was too large to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">fit in an automobile - even one with the generous dimensions of this</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">era.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">So, somewhere around 1915 or so, the electric automobile became a</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">memory. True, United Parcel Service still utilizes several electric</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">trucks in New York City today but the bulk of their fleet of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">vehicles utilizes gasoline or diesel fuel. For all intensive</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">purposes, the electrically powered automobile is dead - they are</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">considered dinosaurs of the past.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">But, let us stop a moment and consider the advantages of utilizing</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electric power as a means of propelling vehicles. Maintenance is</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">absolutely minimal for the only oil required is for the two bearings</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">in the motor and the necessary grease fittings. There is no oil to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">change, no radiator to clean and fill, no transmission to foul up,</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">no fuel pump, no water pump, no carburetion problems, no muffler to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">rot out or replace and no pollutants emitted into the atmosphere.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">It appears as though it might be the answer we have been searching</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">for!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Page 4</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Therefore, the two problems facing us become top speed and range of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">driving - providing, of course, the A.C. and D.C. problems could be</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">worked out. With today's technology this does not seem to be</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">insurmountable. In fact, the entire problem has already been solved</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">- in the past, the distant past and the not so distant! Stop! Re-</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">read the last sentence again. Ponder it for a few moments before</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">going on.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Several times earlier in this article, I mentioned the man, Nikola</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Tesla and stated that he was the greatest mind that ever lived. The</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">U.S. Patent Office has 1,200 patents registered in the name of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Nikola Tesla and it is estimated that he could have patented an</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">additional 1,000 or so from memory!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">But, back to our electric automobiles - in 1931, under the financing</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">of Pierce-Arrow and George Westinghouse, a 1931 Pierce-Arrow was</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">selected to be tested at the factory grounds in Buffalo, N.Y. The</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">standard internal combustion engine was removed and an 80-H.P. 1800</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">r.p.m electric motor installed to the clutch and transmission. The</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">A.C. motor measured 40 inches long and 30 inches in diameter and the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">power leads were left standing in the air - no external power</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">source!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">At the appointed time, Nikola Tesla arrived from New York City and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">inspected the Pierce-Arrow automobile. He then went to a local</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">radio store and purchased a handful of tubes (12), wires and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">assorted resistors. A box measuring 24 inches long, 12 inches wide</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">and 6 inches high was assembled housing the circuit. The box was</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">placed on the front seat and had its wires connected to the air-</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">cooled, brushless motor. Two rods 1/4" in diameter stuck out of the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">box about 3" in length.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Mr. Tesla got into the driver's seat, pushed the two rods in and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">stated, "We now have power". He put the car into gear and it moved</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">forward! This vehicle, powered by an A.C. motor, was driven to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">speeds of 90 m.p.h. and performed better than any internal</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">combustion engine of its day! One week was spent testing the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">vehicle. Several newspapers in Buffalo reported this test. When</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">asked where the power came from, Tesla replied, "From the ethers all</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">around us". Several people suggested that Tesla was mad and somehow</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">in league with sinister forces of the universe. He became incensed,</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">removed his mysterious box from the vehicle and returned to his</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">laboratory in New York City. His secret died with him!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">It is speculated that Nikola Tesla was able to somehow harness the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">earth's magnetic field that encompasses our planet. And, he somehow</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">was able to draw tremendous amounts of power by cutting these lines</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">of force or causing them to be multiplied together. The exact</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">nature of his device remains a mystery but it did actually function</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">by powering the 80 h.p. A.C. motor in the Pierce-Arrow at speeds up</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">to 90 m.p.h. and no recharging was ever necessary!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">In 1969, Joseph R. Zubris took his 1961 Mercury and pulled out the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Detroit internal combustion engine. He then installed an electric</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">motor as a source of power. His unique wiring system cuts the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">energy drain at starting to 75% of normal and doubles the electrical</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">efficiency of the electric motor when it is operating! The U.S.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Patent Office issued him a patent No. 3,809,978. Although he</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Page 5</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">approached many concerns for marketing, no one really seemed to be</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">interested. And, his unique system is still not on the market.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">In the 1970's, an inventor used an Ev-Gray generator, which</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">intensified battery current, the voltage being induced to the field</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">coils by a simple programmer (sequencer). By allowing the motor to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">charge separate batteries as the device ran, phenomenally tiny</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">currents were needed. The device was tested at the Crosby Research</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Institute of Beverly Hills, Ca., a 10-horepower EMA motor ran for</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">over a week (9 days) on four standard automobile batteries.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">The inventors estimated that a 50-horsepower electric motor could</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">traverse 300 miles at 50 m.p.h. before needing a re-charge. Dr.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Keith E. Kenyon, the inventor of Van Nuys, California discovered a</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">discrepancy in the normal and long accepted laws relating to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electric motor magnets. Dr. Kenyon demonstrated his invention for</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">many scientists and engineers in 1976 but their reaction was</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">astounding. Although admitting Dr. Kenyon's device worked, they saw</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">little or no practical application for it!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">So the ultimate source for our electrically powered automobile would</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">be to have an electric motor that required no outside source of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">power. Sounds impossible because it violates all scientific</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">thought! But it has been invented and H.R. Johnson has been issued</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">a patent No. 4,151,431 on April 24, 1979 on such a device!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">This new design although originally suggested by Nikola Tesla in</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">1905, is a permanent magnet motor. Mr. Johnson has arranged a</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">series of permanent magnets on the rotor and a corresponding series</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">- with different spacing - on the stator. One simply has to move</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">the stator into position and rotation of the rotor begins</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">immediately.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">His patent states,</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">"The invention is directed to the method of utilizing the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">unpaired electron spins in ferro magnetic and other materials</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">as a source of magnetic fields for producing power without any</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electron flow as occurs in normal conductors and to permanent</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">magnet motors for utilization of this method to produce a power</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">source.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">In the practice of this invention, the unpaired electron spins</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">occurring within permanent magnets are utilized to produce a</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">motive power source solely through the super-conducting</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">characteristics of a permanent magnet and the magnetic flux</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">created by the magnets are controlled and concentrated to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">orient the magnetic forces generated in such a manner to do</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">useful continuous work such as the displacement of a rotor with</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">respect to a stator.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">The timing and orientation of magnetic forces at the rotor and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">stator components produced by permanent magnets to produce a</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">motor is accomplished with the proper geometrical relationship</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">of these components".</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Now before you dismiss the idea of a magnetically run motor - a free</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">energy source, consider the following :</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Page 6</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Engineers of Hitachi Magnetics Corp. of California have stated</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">that a motor run solely by magnets is feasible and logical but</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">the politics of the matter make it impossible for them to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">pursue developing a magnet motor or any device that would</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">compete with the energy cartels.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">In a book entitled, "Keely and His Discoveries" by Clara B. Moore</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">published in 1893, we find the following statemtents,</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">"The magnet that lifts a pound today if the load is gradually</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">increased day by day will lift double that amount in time.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Whence comes this energy? Keely teaches that it comes from</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">sympathetic association with one of the currents of the polar</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">stream and that its energy increases as long as the sympathetic</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">flow lasts, which is through eternity".</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Now consider some basic observations concerning magnets:</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">1) Two permanent magnets can either attract or repel depending</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">on the arrangement of the magnetic poles.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">2) Two magnets repel further than they attract because of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">friction and inertia forces.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">3) Most of our energy comes directly or indirectly from</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electromagnetic energy of the sun, e.g. photosynthesis and</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">watercycle of ocean to water vapor to rain or snow to ocean.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">4) Magnetic energy "travels" between poles at the speed of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">light.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">5) Permanent magnets on both sides of an iron shield are</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">attracted to the shield and only weakly to each other at</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">close proximity to the shield.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">6) Permanent magnets are ferrous metals and are attractive only.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Attraction is an inverse square force.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">7) Magnetic energy can be shielded.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">8) The sliding or perpendicular force of a keeper is much less</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">than the force in the direction of the field to remove the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">keeper.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">9) Most of the magnetic energy is concentrated at the poles of</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">the magnet.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">10) A permanent magnet loses little strength unless dropped or</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">heated. Heating misaligns the magnetic elements within the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">magnet.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">11) If a weight lifted by a permanet magnet is slowly increased,</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">the lifting power of the magnet can be increased until all</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">the magnetic domains in the magnet are aligned in the same</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">direction. This becomes the limit.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">12) Using magnets to repel tends to weaken them as it causes more</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">misalignment of the domains.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Page 7</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">13) A magnetic material placed between two magnets will always be</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">attracted to the stronger magnet.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">So, our ultimate motor becomes a permanent magnet motor of proper</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">size with speed being controlled through the automobiles</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">transmission. And, here is the biggest plus, permanent magnets keep</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">their strength for a minimum of 95 years! So here we have a fuel-</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">less automobile that would last us our lifetime.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">There is only one drawback to an automobile powered by a permanent</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">magnet motor - if the vehicle gets involved in an accident, the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">shock of the crash could jar the magnets and cause them to lose</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">power! But this seems to be a small price to pay for an automobile</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">that could run all day at 60 m.p.h. - use no fuel - and never need a</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">recharge!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Now the only question left to be answered is, "Where do you buy</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">one?" or perhaps, "When will we be able to buy one?" At present</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">there are several companies offering interim solutions. Some offer</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">electric powered designs - but this is strictly batteries, while</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">others offer a hybrid combination of batteries and small gasoline</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">engines. All of these so-called "modern alternatives" suffer from</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">the same lack of accessories we've become accustomed to.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">They do not, or cannot offer power steering, brakes or windows or</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">air-conditioning, etc. Since they are small aerodynamically shaped</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">packages holding only two people, their appeal is distinctly</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">limited.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">When someone constructs an automobile run by a permanent magnet</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">motor attached to the differential thus eliminating the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">transmission, the world will beat a path to his door - providing the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">energy cartel doesn't find him first!</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00"></span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">In Richardson, Texas last year, two men - George Thiess and Jack</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Hooker have advanced the storage battery to a new level. Their new</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">batteries will operate on magnesium made from seawater. The</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">magnesium is used to charge the battery while in an electrolene</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">solution and the range of their auto is increased by replacing the</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">magnesium rods every 400 to 500 miles. Their studies are being</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">officially watched by the Department of Energy. Perhaps an all new</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">era of electrically powered automobiles may be on its way to</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">reality.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">--------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">This subject is intensely interesting to many researchers so if you</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">have any suggestions or comments, we here at KeelyNet would greatly</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">appreciate your sharing with us.</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">--------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">There are three files that link to this particular subject and all</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">will be bundled as follows :</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">TESLAFE1.ASC - original articles TESLAFE1.GIF - PARALLEL version</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">TESLAFE2.ASC - this commentary TESLAFE2.GIF - SERIES version</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">TESLAFE .ZIP - all of the above bundled into one file</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">Additonal related information can be found</span></span></em></p><p><em><span style="font-size: 18px"><span style="color: #00ff00">on KeelyNet as TESLAFE2.ASC.</span></span></em></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Opmmur, post: 149960, member: 13"] [I][SIZE=5][COLOR=#00ff00]Sponsored by Vangard Sciences PO BOX 1031 Mesquite, TX 75150 January 30, 1993 TESLAFE1.ASC This file was inspired by a newspaper article in the local Dallas Morning News. It was in a column called "Texas Sketches" written by A.C. Greene. I called Mr. Green and Mr. Langkop who both courteously sent the additional source material. Both also expressed an interest in more Tesla information as well as Texas experimenters, we are sending them material in return. There is also a second file with my thoughts on the Tesla power box, that file is listed on KeelyNet as TESLAFE2.ASC. from January 24th, Sunday - Dallas Morning News Texas Sketches column The Electric Auto that almost triumphed Power Source of '31 car still a mystery by A.C. Greene Not long ago, Texas Sketches told the story of Henry "Dad" Garrett and his son C.H.'s water-fueled automobile, which was successfully demonstrated in 1935 at White Rock Lake in Dallas. Eugene Langkop of Dallas (a Packard lover, like so many of us) notes that the "wonder car" of the future may be a resurrection of the electric car. It uses no gasoline, no oil - just some grease fittings - has no radiator to fill or freeze, no carburetor problems, no muffler to replace and gives off no pollutants. Famous former electrics include Columbia, Rauch & Lang and Detroit Electric. Dallas had electric delivery trucks in the 1920s and 30s. Many electric delivery vehicles were used in big cities into the 1960s. The problem with electrics was slow speed and short range. Within the past decade two Richardson men, George Thiess and Jack Hooker, claimed to have used batteries operating on magnesium from seawater to increase the range of their electric automobile from 100 miles to 400 or 500 miles. But it is a mystery car once demonstrated by Nikola Tesla, developer of alternating current, that might have made electrics triumphant. Supported by the Pierce-Arrow Co. and General Electric in 1931, he took the gasoline engine from a new Pierce-Arrow and replaced it Page 1 with an 80-horsepower alternating-current electric motor with no external power source. At a local radio shop he bought 12 vacuum tubes, some wires and assorted resistors, and assembled them in a circuit box 24 inches long, 12 inches wide and 6 inches high, with a pair of 3-inch rods sticking out. Getting into the car with the circuit box in the front seat beside him, he pushed the rods in, announced, "We now have power," and proceeded to test drive the car for a week, often at speeds of up to 90 mph. As it was an alternating-current motor and there were no batteries involved, where did the power come from? Popular responses included charges of "black magic," and the sensitive genius didn't like the skeptical comments of the press. He removed his mysterious box, returned to his laboratory in New York - and the secret of his power source died with him. -------------------------------------------------------------------- A.C. Greene is an author and Texas historian who lives in Salado. -------------------------------------------------------------------- *** The original article from which Mr. Greene gleaned the above *** info was from a Packard Newsletter. Mr. Gene Langkopf kindly *** sent us a copy of that article which now follows. -------------------------------------------------------------------- The Forgotten Art of Electric - Powered Automobiles by Arthur Abrom Electric powered automobiles were one of the earliest considerations and this mode of propulsion enjoyed a brief but short reign. The development of electricity as a workable source of power for mankind has been studded with great controversy. Thomas A. Edison was the first to start to market systems (i.e. electric generators) of any commercial value. His research and developmental skills were utilized to market a "direct current" system of electricity. Ships were equipped with D.C. systems and municipalities began lighting their streets with this revolutionary D.C. electric system. (At that time) Edison was the sole source of electricity! While in the process of commercializing electricity, Thomas Edison hired men who knew of the new scientific gift to the world and were capable of new applications for electricity. One such man was a foreigner named Nikola Tesla. This man, although not known to many of us today, was without a doubt the greatest scientific mind that has ever lived. His accomplishments dwarfed even Thomas Edison's! Whereas Mr. Edison was a great experimenter, Mr. Tesla was a great theoretician. Nikola Tesla became frustrated and very much annoyed at the procedures Edison followed. Tesla would rather calculate the possibility of something working (i.e. mathematical investigation) than the hit and miss technique of constant experimentation. So in the heat of an argument, he quit one day and stormed out of Edison's laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey. Working on his own, Tesla conceived and built the first working Page 2 alternating current generator. He, and he alone, is responsible for all of the advantages we enjoy today because of A.C. electric power. Angered by Edison, Tesla sold his new patents to George Westinghouse for 15 million dollars in the very early 1900's. Tesla became totally independent and proceeded to carry on his investigative research in his laboratory on 5th Avenue in New York City. George Westinghouse began to market this new system of electric generators and was in competition with Edison. Westinghouse prevailed because of the greater superiority of the A.C. generators over the less efficient D.C. power supplies of Thomas Edison. Today, A.C. power is the only source of electricity the world uses. And, please remember, Nikola Tesla is the man who developed it. Now specifically dealing with automobiles in the infant days of their development, electric propulsion was considered and used. An electric powered automobile possessed many advantages that the noisy, cantankerous, smoke-belching gasoline cars could not offer. First and foremost is the absolute silence one experiences when riding in an electrically powered vehicle. There is not even a hint of noise. One simply turns a key and steps on the accelerator - the vehicle moves instantly! No cranking from the start, no crank to turn (this was before electric starters), no pumping of the accelerator, no spark control to advance and no throttle linkage to pre-set before starting. One simply turned the ignition switch to on! Second, is a sense of power. If one wants to increase speed, you simply depress the accelerator further - there is never any hesitation. Releasing the accelerator causes the vehicle to slow down immediately - you are always in complete control. It is not difficult to understand why these vehicles were so very popular around the turn of the century and until 1912 or so. The big disadvantage to these cars was their range and need for re- charging every single night. All of these electric vehicles used a series of batteries and a D.C. motor to move itself about. The batteries require recharging every night and the range of travel was restricted to about 100 miles. Understand that this restriction was not a serious one in the early part of this century. Doctors began making house calls with electric cars (do you remember doctors making house calls?) because he no longer needed to tend to the horse at night time - just plug the car into an electric socket! No feeding, no rub-down and no mess to clean up! Many of the large department stores in metropolitan areas began purchasing delivery trucks that were electrically powered. They were silent and emitted no pollutants. And, maintenance was a minimum on electrically powered vehicles. There were few mechanics and garages in operation in the early 1900's. So city life and travel appeared to be willing to embrace the electric automobile. Remember, these masterfully built vehicles all ran on D.C. current. Two things happened to dampen the popularity of the electric automobile. One was the subconscious craving for speed that gripped all auto enthusisasts of this era. Each manufacturer was eager to show how far his car could travel (i.e. the transcontinental races) and what was its top speed! Col. Vanderbilt constructed the first Page 3 all concrete race track in Long Island and racing became the passion for the well-to-do. Newspapers constantly record new records of speed achieved by so-in-so. And, of course, the automobile manufacturers were quick to capitalize on the advertising effect of these new peaks of speed. Both of these events made the electrically powered vehicles appear to only belong to the "little old lady" down the street or the old retired gentleman who talked about the "good old days". Electric vehicles could not reach speeds of 45 or 50 m.p.h. for this would have destroyed the batteries in moments. Bursts of speeds of 25 to 35 m.p.h. could be maintained for a moment or so. Normal driving speed-depending upon traffic conditions, was 15 to 20 m.p.h. by 1900 to 1910 standards, this was an acceptable speed limit to obtain from your electric vehicle. Please note that none of the manufacturers of electric cars ever installed a D.C. generator. This would have put a small charge back into the batteries as the car moved about and would have thereby increased its operating range. This was considered by some to be approaching perpetual motion - and that, of course, was utterly impossible! Actually, D.C. generators would have worked and helped the electric car cause. As mentioned earlier, Mr. Westinghouse's A.C. current generating equipment was being sold and installed about the country. The earlier D.C. equipment was being retired and disregarded. As a side note, Consolidated Edison Power Company of New York City still has one of Thomas Edison's D.C. generators installed in its 14th St. powerhouse - it still works! About this time, another giant corporation was formed and entered the A.C. generating equipment field - General Electric. This spelled the absolute end for Edison's D.C. power supply systems as a commercial means of generating and distributing electric power. The electric automobile could not be adapted to accomodate and utilize a polyphase motor (i.e. A.C. power). Since they used batteries as a source of power, their extinction was sealed. No battery can put out an A.C. signal. True, a converter could be utilized (i.e. convert the D.C. signal from the battery to an A.C. signal), but the size of the equipment at this time was too large to fit in an automobile - even one with the generous dimensions of this era. So, somewhere around 1915 or so, the electric automobile became a memory. True, United Parcel Service still utilizes several electric trucks in New York City today but the bulk of their fleet of vehicles utilizes gasoline or diesel fuel. For all intensive purposes, the electrically powered automobile is dead - they are considered dinosaurs of the past. But, let us stop a moment and consider the advantages of utilizing electric power as a means of propelling vehicles. Maintenance is absolutely minimal for the only oil required is for the two bearings in the motor and the necessary grease fittings. There is no oil to change, no radiator to clean and fill, no transmission to foul up, no fuel pump, no water pump, no carburetion problems, no muffler to rot out or replace and no pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. It appears as though it might be the answer we have been searching for! Page 4 Therefore, the two problems facing us become top speed and range of driving - providing, of course, the A.C. and D.C. problems could be worked out. With today's technology this does not seem to be insurmountable. In fact, the entire problem has already been solved - in the past, the distant past and the not so distant! Stop! Re- read the last sentence again. Ponder it for a few moments before going on. Several times earlier in this article, I mentioned the man, Nikola Tesla and stated that he was the greatest mind that ever lived. The U.S. Patent Office has 1,200 patents registered in the name of Nikola Tesla and it is estimated that he could have patented an additional 1,000 or so from memory! But, back to our electric automobiles - in 1931, under the financing of Pierce-Arrow and George Westinghouse, a 1931 Pierce-Arrow was selected to be tested at the factory grounds in Buffalo, N.Y. The standard internal combustion engine was removed and an 80-H.P. 1800 r.p.m electric motor installed to the clutch and transmission. The A.C. motor measured 40 inches long and 30 inches in diameter and the power leads were left standing in the air - no external power source! At the appointed time, Nikola Tesla arrived from New York City and inspected the Pierce-Arrow automobile. He then went to a local radio store and purchased a handful of tubes (12), wires and assorted resistors. A box measuring 24 inches long, 12 inches wide and 6 inches high was assembled housing the circuit. The box was placed on the front seat and had its wires connected to the air- cooled, brushless motor. Two rods 1/4" in diameter stuck out of the box about 3" in length. Mr. Tesla got into the driver's seat, pushed the two rods in and stated, "We now have power". He put the car into gear and it moved forward! This vehicle, powered by an A.C. motor, was driven to speeds of 90 m.p.h. and performed better than any internal combustion engine of its day! One week was spent testing the vehicle. Several newspapers in Buffalo reported this test. When asked where the power came from, Tesla replied, "From the ethers all around us". Several people suggested that Tesla was mad and somehow in league with sinister forces of the universe. He became incensed, removed his mysterious box from the vehicle and returned to his laboratory in New York City. His secret died with him! It is speculated that Nikola Tesla was able to somehow harness the earth's magnetic field that encompasses our planet. And, he somehow was able to draw tremendous amounts of power by cutting these lines of force or causing them to be multiplied together. The exact nature of his device remains a mystery but it did actually function by powering the 80 h.p. A.C. motor in the Pierce-Arrow at speeds up to 90 m.p.h. and no recharging was ever necessary! In 1969, Joseph R. Zubris took his 1961 Mercury and pulled out the Detroit internal combustion engine. He then installed an electric motor as a source of power. His unique wiring system cuts the energy drain at starting to 75% of normal and doubles the electrical efficiency of the electric motor when it is operating! The U.S. Patent Office issued him a patent No. 3,809,978. Although he Page 5 approached many concerns for marketing, no one really seemed to be interested. And, his unique system is still not on the market. In the 1970's, an inventor used an Ev-Gray generator, which intensified battery current, the voltage being induced to the field coils by a simple programmer (sequencer). By allowing the motor to charge separate batteries as the device ran, phenomenally tiny currents were needed. The device was tested at the Crosby Research Institute of Beverly Hills, Ca., a 10-horepower EMA motor ran for over a week (9 days) on four standard automobile batteries. The inventors estimated that a 50-horsepower electric motor could traverse 300 miles at 50 m.p.h. before needing a re-charge. Dr. Keith E. Kenyon, the inventor of Van Nuys, California discovered a discrepancy in the normal and long accepted laws relating to electric motor magnets. Dr. Kenyon demonstrated his invention for many scientists and engineers in 1976 but their reaction was astounding. Although admitting Dr. Kenyon's device worked, they saw little or no practical application for it! So the ultimate source for our electrically powered automobile would be to have an electric motor that required no outside source of power. Sounds impossible because it violates all scientific thought! But it has been invented and H.R. Johnson has been issued a patent No. 4,151,431 on April 24, 1979 on such a device! This new design although originally suggested by Nikola Tesla in 1905, is a permanent magnet motor. Mr. Johnson has arranged a series of permanent magnets on the rotor and a corresponding series - with different spacing - on the stator. One simply has to move the stator into position and rotation of the rotor begins immediately. His patent states, "The invention is directed to the method of utilizing the unpaired electron spins in ferro magnetic and other materials as a source of magnetic fields for producing power without any electron flow as occurs in normal conductors and to permanent magnet motors for utilization of this method to produce a power source. In the practice of this invention, the unpaired electron spins occurring within permanent magnets are utilized to produce a motive power source solely through the super-conducting characteristics of a permanent magnet and the magnetic flux created by the magnets are controlled and concentrated to orient the magnetic forces generated in such a manner to do useful continuous work such as the displacement of a rotor with respect to a stator. The timing and orientation of magnetic forces at the rotor and stator components produced by permanent magnets to produce a motor is accomplished with the proper geometrical relationship of these components". Now before you dismiss the idea of a magnetically run motor - a free energy source, consider the following : Page 6 Engineers of Hitachi Magnetics Corp. of California have stated that a motor run solely by magnets is feasible and logical but the politics of the matter make it impossible for them to pursue developing a magnet motor or any device that would compete with the energy cartels. In a book entitled, "Keely and His Discoveries" by Clara B. Moore published in 1893, we find the following statemtents, "The magnet that lifts a pound today if the load is gradually increased day by day will lift double that amount in time. Whence comes this energy? Keely teaches that it comes from sympathetic association with one of the currents of the polar stream and that its energy increases as long as the sympathetic flow lasts, which is through eternity". Now consider some basic observations concerning magnets: 1) Two permanent magnets can either attract or repel depending on the arrangement of the magnetic poles. 2) Two magnets repel further than they attract because of friction and inertia forces. 3) Most of our energy comes directly or indirectly from electromagnetic energy of the sun, e.g. photosynthesis and watercycle of ocean to water vapor to rain or snow to ocean. 4) Magnetic energy "travels" between poles at the speed of light. 5) Permanent magnets on both sides of an iron shield are attracted to the shield and only weakly to each other at close proximity to the shield. 6) Permanent magnets are ferrous metals and are attractive only. Attraction is an inverse square force. 7) Magnetic energy can be shielded. 8) The sliding or perpendicular force of a keeper is much less than the force in the direction of the field to remove the keeper. 9) Most of the magnetic energy is concentrated at the poles of the magnet. 10) A permanent magnet loses little strength unless dropped or heated. Heating misaligns the magnetic elements within the magnet. 11) If a weight lifted by a permanet magnet is slowly increased, the lifting power of the magnet can be increased until all the magnetic domains in the magnet are aligned in the same direction. This becomes the limit. 12) Using magnets to repel tends to weaken them as it causes more misalignment of the domains. Page 7 13) A magnetic material placed between two magnets will always be attracted to the stronger magnet. So, our ultimate motor becomes a permanent magnet motor of proper size with speed being controlled through the automobiles transmission. And, here is the biggest plus, permanent magnets keep their strength for a minimum of 95 years! So here we have a fuel- less automobile that would last us our lifetime. There is only one drawback to an automobile powered by a permanent magnet motor - if the vehicle gets involved in an accident, the shock of the crash could jar the magnets and cause them to lose power! But this seems to be a small price to pay for an automobile that could run all day at 60 m.p.h. - use no fuel - and never need a recharge! Now the only question left to be answered is, "Where do you buy one?" or perhaps, "When will we be able to buy one?" At present there are several companies offering interim solutions. Some offer electric powered designs - but this is strictly batteries, while others offer a hybrid combination of batteries and small gasoline engines. All of these so-called "modern alternatives" suffer from the same lack of accessories we've become accustomed to. They do not, or cannot offer power steering, brakes or windows or air-conditioning, etc. Since they are small aerodynamically shaped packages holding only two people, their appeal is distinctly limited. When someone constructs an automobile run by a permanent magnet motor attached to the differential thus eliminating the transmission, the world will beat a path to his door - providing the energy cartel doesn't find him first! In Richardson, Texas last year, two men - George Thiess and Jack Hooker have advanced the storage battery to a new level. Their new batteries will operate on magnesium made from seawater. The magnesium is used to charge the battery while in an electrolene solution and the range of their auto is increased by replacing the magnesium rods every 400 to 500 miles. Their studies are being officially watched by the Department of Energy. Perhaps an all new era of electrically powered automobiles may be on its way to reality. -------------------------------------------------------------------- This subject is intensely interesting to many researchers so if you have any suggestions or comments, we here at KeelyNet would greatly appreciate your sharing with us. -------------------------------------------------------------------- There are three files that link to this particular subject and all will be bundled as follows : TESLAFE1.ASC - original articles TESLAFE1.GIF - PARALLEL version TESLAFE2.ASC - this commentary TESLAFE2.GIF - SERIES version TESLAFE .ZIP - all of the above bundled into one file Additonal related information can be found on KeelyNet as TESLAFE2.ASC.[/COLOR][/SIZE][/I] [/QUOTE]
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The Secret Time Travel Experiments of Nikola Tesla
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