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What causes relativity?
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<blockquote data-quote="sevensixtwo" data-source="post: 160197" data-attributes="member: 3162"><p>Relativity is caused by the normalization of the 4-velocity. This normalization is an axiom of the theory of special (general) relativity and experiments encourage us to believe that theory's axioms are accurate. The 4-velocity measures the rate of the passage of time and the rate of passage of three dimensions of space (passage of space means motion.) Altogether the 4-velocity squared is always equal to the speed of light squared for any real trajectory in spacetime. If you move fast then your external time goes slower to maintain the normalized 4-velocity. If you slow down then your external time speeds up until you stop. When you stop your external time is equal to your proper time. If you stay still then the proper time you experience while still is equal to the external time measured by another person standing still with you. This is the non-relativistic limit. Proper time is how much time you think you experienced and the external time is how much time someone who watches you will say you experienced. You are always still in your own reference frame, that is the frame where it seems like the universe is moving (or not) but you are still. Relativity has to do with the way you measure time in your own frame relative to the way others will measure time when describing your motion in the reference frame where the universe is still and you are moving. If the universe is still and you and someone watching you are all still (no relative motion) then there is no relativity. If someone starts moving then their time will have to slow down as measured by the person who observes that motion but the moving person's proper time stays the same because in their frame it is the universe that is moving. If their motion increased and their external time did not decrease in kind then the 4-velocity would increase but as stated above it is subject to a universal normalization condition. Snails, planets, and spaceships all always have the same 4-velocity in spacetime. Relativity measures how much people in relative motion to each other will disagree about how much time has elapsed. This time dilation has a parallel component called length contraction and there is some highly sophisticated nuance related to <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02186206" target="_blank">Mach's principle</a>.</p><p></p><p><img src="http://2occatl.net/images/Not_a_mystery.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="sevensixtwo, post: 160197, member: 3162"] Relativity is caused by the normalization of the 4-velocity. This normalization is an axiom of the theory of special (general) relativity and experiments encourage us to believe that theory's axioms are accurate. The 4-velocity measures the rate of the passage of time and the rate of passage of three dimensions of space (passage of space means motion.) Altogether the 4-velocity squared is always equal to the speed of light squared for any real trajectory in spacetime. If you move fast then your external time goes slower to maintain the normalized 4-velocity. If you slow down then your external time speeds up until you stop. When you stop your external time is equal to your proper time. If you stay still then the proper time you experience while still is equal to the external time measured by another person standing still with you. This is the non-relativistic limit. Proper time is how much time you think you experienced and the external time is how much time someone who watches you will say you experienced. You are always still in your own reference frame, that is the frame where it seems like the universe is moving (or not) but you are still. Relativity has to do with the way you measure time in your own frame relative to the way others will measure time when describing your motion in the reference frame where the universe is still and you are moving. If the universe is still and you and someone watching you are all still (no relative motion) then there is no relativity. If someone starts moving then their time will have to slow down as measured by the person who observes that motion but the moving person's proper time stays the same because in their frame it is the universe that is moving. If their motion increased and their external time did not decrease in kind then the 4-velocity would increase but as stated above it is subject to a universal normalization condition. Snails, planets, and spaceships all always have the same 4-velocity in spacetime. Relativity measures how much people in relative motion to each other will disagree about how much time has elapsed. This time dilation has a parallel component called length contraction and there is some highly sophisticated nuance related to [URL='https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02186206']Mach's principle[/URL]. [IMG]http://2occatl.net/images/Not_a_mystery.png[/IMG] [/QUOTE]
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