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Aliens & UFOs
Let's suppose that the Earth really is hollow. What's the quickest path to enter?
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<blockquote data-quote="samzeman" data-source="post: 185968" data-attributes="member: 11182"><p>sorry to bump this ancient thread but i couldnt resist the teachable moment cause i'm a geology student.... yes, the core is magma, but it's under such pressure that it's a solid. the mantle is more liquid, but still flows extremely slowly (albeit with extreme force, hence everything to do with tectonic plates moving around and being the size of half a planet). Lava flows as fast as molten rock ever naturally does.</p><p></p><p>we can tell, allegedly (haven't done the experiment myself i must admit, and this is the mainstream science explanation, so if you don't believe that then don't believe this) that the deepest part in the very middle (core) is effectively solid because of complicated earthquake reasons. I'll try to explain.</p><p></p><p>When two tectonic plates hit each other, rub past each other, or a large volcano erupts (or multiple of these happening at once), they make an earthquake. The vibrations from the earthquake (as we know) travel along the surface of the planet and mess with things in a major way. However, the mantle underneath the crust is liquid and conducts the vibrations pretty well as well, all the way to the other side of the planet.</p><p></p><p>I gotta go into more detail to explain how we know the core is solid though.</p><p></p><p>The vibrations created by an earthquake are both types of wave. There are more, but this is enough to explain with.... Primary waves, called P-waves, and Secondary waves called S-waves. Primary waves are longitudinal, which means they squish up and don't go up and down, like this:</p><p><img src="http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/images/P-wave_animation.gif" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p>Secondary waves are transverse, so they go up and down like this:</p><p><img src="https://steemitimages.com/p/368La1qZAv72gy7waQzoK7Q37vBmJiQDASLi5aabpc48s4Kuyuu1js2P3CheHyfL5QNayVRBMB6QX94ivKRTb6W3?format=match&mode=fit" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p></p><p></p><p>This is relevant because S waves can't travel through solids; the molecules just don't move like that. P waves can travel just fine through solids, which is why you can hear sounds through walls (sound waves are like P waves), but why a wave in the ocean (which is like an S wave but in water) will stop when it hits one of those erosion preventing wooden things (i just found out they're called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groyne" target="_blank">groynes</a>... TMYK).</p><p></p><p>So, the reason why I can't do the experiment myself is that you need very sensitive earthquake sensors all over the world. As I said before, when an earthquake happens it sends these waves through the planet itself under the crust. On the other side of the planet, you can detect P waves but no S waves. In fact, you can detect at various points, various amounts of waves, and figure out the entire inside of the planet from that. Like this!</p><p></p><p><img src="https://opentextbc.ca/physicalgeologyearle/wp-content/uploads/sites/145/2016/06/shadow-2.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p></p><p>The shadow in P-waves is because the core is denser, and so the waves refract. When a wave enters a denser material, it bends a little, which is why light can be bent by lenses. Also, the reason the waves are bending in the mantle is that the mantle gets denser as you get deeper, because there is more weight pressing on it and compressing it. But even if the mantle was all the same density you'd see basically the same effect.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="samzeman, post: 185968, member: 11182"] sorry to bump this ancient thread but i couldnt resist the teachable moment cause i'm a geology student.... yes, the core is magma, but it's under such pressure that it's a solid. the mantle is more liquid, but still flows extremely slowly (albeit with extreme force, hence everything to do with tectonic plates moving around and being the size of half a planet). Lava flows as fast as molten rock ever naturally does. we can tell, allegedly (haven't done the experiment myself i must admit, and this is the mainstream science explanation, so if you don't believe that then don't believe this) that the deepest part in the very middle (core) is effectively solid because of complicated earthquake reasons. I'll try to explain. When two tectonic plates hit each other, rub past each other, or a large volcano erupts (or multiple of these happening at once), they make an earthquake. The vibrations from the earthquake (as we know) travel along the surface of the planet and mess with things in a major way. However, the mantle underneath the crust is liquid and conducts the vibrations pretty well as well, all the way to the other side of the planet. I gotta go into more detail to explain how we know the core is solid though. The vibrations created by an earthquake are both types of wave. There are more, but this is enough to explain with.... Primary waves, called P-waves, and Secondary waves called S-waves. Primary waves are longitudinal, which means they squish up and don't go up and down, like this: [IMG]http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/images/P-wave_animation.gif[/IMG] Secondary waves are transverse, so they go up and down like this: [IMG]https://steemitimages.com/p/368La1qZAv72gy7waQzoK7Q37vBmJiQDASLi5aabpc48s4Kuyuu1js2P3CheHyfL5QNayVRBMB6QX94ivKRTb6W3?format=match&mode=fit[/IMG] This is relevant because S waves can't travel through solids; the molecules just don't move like that. P waves can travel just fine through solids, which is why you can hear sounds through walls (sound waves are like P waves), but why a wave in the ocean (which is like an S wave but in water) will stop when it hits one of those erosion preventing wooden things (i just found out they're called [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groyne']groynes[/URL]... TMYK). So, the reason why I can't do the experiment myself is that you need very sensitive earthquake sensors all over the world. As I said before, when an earthquake happens it sends these waves through the planet itself under the crust. On the other side of the planet, you can detect P waves but no S waves. In fact, you can detect at various points, various amounts of waves, and figure out the entire inside of the planet from that. Like this! [IMG]https://opentextbc.ca/physicalgeologyearle/wp-content/uploads/sites/145/2016/06/shadow-2.png[/IMG] The shadow in P-waves is because the core is denser, and so the waves refract. When a wave enters a denser material, it bends a little, which is why light can be bent by lenses. Also, the reason the waves are bending in the mantle is that the mantle gets denser as you get deeper, because there is more weight pressing on it and compressing it. But even if the mantle was all the same density you'd see basically the same effect. [/QUOTE]
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Let's suppose that the Earth really is hollow. What's the quickest path to enter?
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