One possible explanation.
Magnetic field and magnetosphere
Main article: Mercury's magnetic field
Graph showing relative strength of Mercury's magnetic field
Despite its small size and slow 59-day-long rotation, Mercury has a significant, and apparently global, magnetic field. According to measurements taken by Mariner 10, it is about 1.1% as strong as the Earth’s. The magnetic field strength at the Mercurian equator is about 300 nT.[66][67] Like that of Earth, Mercury's magnetic field is dipolar.[65] Unlike Earth, Mercury's poles are nearly aligned with the planet's spin axis.[68] Measurements from both the Mariner 10 and MESSENGER space probes have indicated that the strength and shape of the magnetic field are stable.[68]
It is likely that this magnetic field is generated by way of a dynamo effect, in a manner similar to the magnetic field of Earth.[69][70] This dynamo effect would result from the circulation of the planet's iron-rich liquid core. Particularly strong tidal effects caused by the planet's high orbital eccentricity would serve to keep the core in the liquid state necessary for this dynamo effect.[71]
Mercury’s magnetic field is strong enough to deflect the solar wind around the planet, creating a magnetosphere. The planet's magnetosphere, though small enough to fit within the Earth,[65] is strong enough to trap solar wind plasma. This contributes to the space weathering of the planet's surface.[68] Observations taken by the Mariner 10 spacecraft detected this low energy plasma in the magnetosphere of the planet's nightside. Bursts of energetic particles were detected in the planet's magnetotail, which indicates a dynamic quality to the planet's magnetosphere.[65]
During its second flyby of the planet on October 6, 2008, MESSENGER discovered that Mercury’s magnetic field can be extremely "leaky." The spacecraft encountered magnetic "tornadoes" – twisted bundles of magnetic fields connecting the planetary magnetic field to interplanetary space – that were up to 800 km wide or a third of the radius of the planet. These 'tornadoes' form when magnetic fields carried by the solar wind connect to Mercury's magnetic field. As the solar wind blows past Mercury's field, these joined magnetic fields are carried with it and twist up into vortex-like structures. These twisted magnetic flux tubes, technically known as flux transfer events, form open windows in the planet's magnetic shield through which the solar wind may enter and directly impact Mercury's surface.[72]
The process of linking interplanetary and planetary magnetic fields, called magnetic reconnection, is common throughout the cosmos. It occurs in Earth's magnetic field, where it generates magnetic tornadoes as well. The MESSENGER observations show the reconnection rate is ten times higher at Mercury. Mercury's proximity to the Sun only accounts for about a third of the reconnection rate observed by MESSENGER.[72]
65.^ a b c d e Beatty, J. Kelly; Petersen, Carolyn Collins; Chaikin, Andrew (1999). The New Solar System. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-64587-5.
66.^ Seeds, Michael A. (2004). Astronomy: The Solar System and Beyond (4th ed.). Brooks Cole. ISBN 0-534-42111-3.
67.^ Williams, David R. (January 6, 2005). "Planetary Fact Sheets". NASA National Space Science Data Center. Retrieved 2006-08-10.
68.^ a b c Staff (January 30, 2008). "Mercury’s Internal Magnetic Field". NASA. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
69.^ Gold, Lauren (May 3, 2007). "Mercury has molten core, Cornell researcher shows". Cornell University. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
70.^ Christensen, Ulrich R. (2006). "A deep dynamo generating Mercury's magnetic field". Nature 444 (7122): 1056–1058. Bibcode 2006Natur.444.1056C. doi:10.1038/nature05342. PMID 17183319.
71.^ Spohn, T.; Sohl, F.; Wieczerkowski, K.; Conzelmann, V. (2001). "The interior structure of Mercury: what we know, what we expect from BepiColombo". Planetary and Space Science 49 (14–15): 1561–1570. Bibcode 2001P&SS...49.1561S. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(01)00093-9.
72.^ a b Steigerwald, Bill (June 2, 2009). "Magnetic Tornadoes Could Liberate Mercury's Tenuous Atmosphere". NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
From:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(planet)