Menu
Forums
New posts
Search forums
What's new
New posts
New profile posts
Latest activity
Vault
Time Travel Schematics
T.E.C. Time Archive
The Why Files
Have You Seen...?
Chronovisor
TimeTravelForum.tk
TimeTravelForum.net
ParanormalNetwork.net
Paranormalis.com
ConspiracyCafe.net
Streams
Live streams
Featured streams
Multi-Viewer
Members
Current visitors
New profile posts
Search profile posts
Log in
Register
What's new
Search
Search
Search titles only
By:
New posts
Search forums
Menu
Log in
Register
Navigation
Install the app
Install
More options
Contact us
Close Menu
Forums
Paranormal Forum
Artifacts & History
Johansson gauge blocks
JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding.
You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly.
You should upgrade or use an
alternative browser
.
Reply to thread
Message
<blockquote data-quote="Element115" data-source="post: 179645" data-attributes="member: 10457"><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#Wringing" target="_blank">Gauge block - Wikipedia</a></p><p></p><p><em>Wringing</em> is the process of sliding two blocks together so that their faces lightly bond. Because of their ultraflat surfaces, when wrung, gauge blocks adhere to each other tightly. Properly wrung blocks may withstand a 75 lbf (330 N) pull.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-NIST2-5" target="_blank">[5]</a> While the exact mechanism that causes wringing is unknown,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-NIST2-5" target="_blank">[5]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-6" target="_blank">[6]</a> it is believed to be a combination of:<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4" target="_blank">[4]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-NIST2-5" target="_blank">[5]</a></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pressure" target="_blank">Air pressure</a> applies pressure between the blocks because the air is squeezed out of the joint.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension" target="_blank">Surface tension</a> from oil and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor" target="_blank">water vapor</a> that is present between the blocks.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_attraction" target="_blank">Molecular attraction</a> occurs when two very flat surfaces are brought into contact. This force causes gauge blocks to adhere even without surface lubricants, and in a vacuum.</li> </ul><p>It is believed that the last two sources are the most significant.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4" target="_blank">[4]</a></p><p>There is no <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism" target="_blank">magnetism</a> involved, although to a user the clinging together of the blocks feels a bit like weak refrigerator magnets sticking together. Unlike magnets, however, the cling only lasts while the blocks are completely joined—the blocks do not attract each other across any visible gap, as magnets would.</p><p>The process of wringing involves four steps:<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4" target="_blank">[4]</a></p><ol> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Wiping a clean gauge block across an oiled pad (see the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#Accessories" target="_blank">accessories section</a>).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Wiping any extra oil off the gauge block using a dry pad (see the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#Accessories" target="_blank">accessories section</a>).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">The block is then slid perpendicularly across the other block while applying moderate pressure until they form a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cruciform" target="_blank">cruciform</a>.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ol">Finally, the block is rotated until it is inline with the other block.</li> </ol><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gauge_block_wringing.svg" target="_blank"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gauge_block_wringing.svg/500px-Gauge_block_wringing.svg.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p><p>After use the blocks are re-oiled or greased to protect against <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion" target="_blank">corrosion</a>. The ability for a given gauge block to wring is called <em>wringability</em>; it is officially defined as "the ability of two surfaces to adhere tightly to each other in the absence of external means." The minimum conditions for wringability are a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_finish" target="_blank">surface finish</a> of 1 microinch (0.025 μm) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_average" target="_blank">AA</a> or better, and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatness_(manufacturing)" target="_blank">flatness</a> of at least 5 μin (0.13 μm).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4" target="_blank">[4]</a></p><p>There is a formal test to measure wringability. First, the block is prepared for wringing using the standard process. The block is then slid across a 2 in (51 mm) reference grade (1 μin (0.025 μm) flatness) quartz <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_flat" target="_blank">optical flat</a>while applying moderate pressure. Then, the bottom of the gauge block is observed (through the optical flat) for oil or color. For Federal Grades 0.5, 1, and 2 and ISO grades K, 00, and 0 no oil or color should be visible under the gauge block. For Federal Grade 3 and ISO grades 1 and 2, no more than 20% of the surface area should show oil or color. Note that this test is hard to perform on gauge blocks thinner than 0.1 in (2.5 mm) because they tend not to be flat in the relaxed state.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4" target="_blank">[4]</a></p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Testing_gauge_block_wringability.svg" target="_blank"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Testing_gauge_block_wringability.svg/500px-Testing_gauge_block_wringability.svg.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Element115, post: 179645, member: 10457"] [URL="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#Wringing"]Gauge block - Wikipedia[/URL] [I]Wringing[/I] is the process of sliding two blocks together so that their faces lightly bond. Because of their ultraflat surfaces, when wrung, gauge blocks adhere to each other tightly. Properly wrung blocks may withstand a 75 lbf (330 N) pull.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-NIST2-5'][5][/URL] While the exact mechanism that causes wringing is unknown,[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-NIST2-5'][5][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-6'][6][/URL] it is believed to be a combination of:[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4'][4][/URL][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-NIST2-5'][5][/URL] [LIST] [*][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pressure']Air pressure[/URL] applies pressure between the blocks because the air is squeezed out of the joint. [*][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_tension']Surface tension[/URL] from oil and [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor']water vapor[/URL] that is present between the blocks. [*][URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_attraction']Molecular attraction[/URL] occurs when two very flat surfaces are brought into contact. This force causes gauge blocks to adhere even without surface lubricants, and in a vacuum. [/LIST] It is believed that the last two sources are the most significant.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4'][4][/URL] There is no [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetism']magnetism[/URL] involved, although to a user the clinging together of the blocks feels a bit like weak refrigerator magnets sticking together. Unlike magnets, however, the cling only lasts while the blocks are completely joined—the blocks do not attract each other across any visible gap, as magnets would. The process of wringing involves four steps:[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4'][4][/URL] [LIST=1] [*]Wiping a clean gauge block across an oiled pad (see the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#Accessories']accessories section[/URL]). [*]Wiping any extra oil off the gauge block using a dry pad (see the [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#Accessories']accessories section[/URL]). [*]The block is then slid perpendicularly across the other block while applying moderate pressure until they form a [URL='https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cruciform']cruciform[/URL]. [*]Finally, the block is rotated until it is inline with the other block. [/LIST] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gauge_block_wringing.svg'][IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Gauge_block_wringing.svg/500px-Gauge_block_wringing.svg.png[/IMG][/URL] After use the blocks are re-oiled or greased to protect against [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion']corrosion[/URL]. The ability for a given gauge block to wring is called [I]wringability[/I]; it is officially defined as "the ability of two surfaces to adhere tightly to each other in the absence of external means." The minimum conditions for wringability are a [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_finish']surface finish[/URL] of 1 microinch (0.025 μm) [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_average']AA[/URL] or better, and a [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatness_(manufacturing)']flatness[/URL] of at least 5 μin (0.13 μm).[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4'][4][/URL] There is a formal test to measure wringability. First, the block is prepared for wringing using the standard process. The block is then slid across a 2 in (51 mm) reference grade (1 μin (0.025 μm) flatness) quartz [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_flat']optical flat[/URL]while applying moderate pressure. Then, the bottom of the gauge block is observed (through the optical flat) for oil or color. For Federal Grades 0.5, 1, and 2 and ISO grades K, 00, and 0 no oil or color should be visible under the gauge block. For Federal Grade 3 and ISO grades 1 and 2, no more than 20% of the surface area should show oil or color. Note that this test is hard to perform on gauge blocks thinner than 0.1 in (2.5 mm) because they tend not to be flat in the relaxed state.[URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_block#cite_note-starrett-4'][4][/URL] [URL='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Testing_gauge_block_wringability.svg'][IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Testing_gauge_block_wringability.svg/500px-Testing_gauge_block_wringability.svg.png[/IMG][/URL] [/QUOTE]
Insert quotes…
Verification
Post reply
Forums
Paranormal Forum
Artifacts & History
Johansson gauge blocks
This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register.
By continuing to use this site, you are consenting to our use of cookies.
Accept
Learn more…
Top