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</span>Dutch Voters Follow French in Rejecting EU Constitution
Taken from:
<a href=\'http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4675597\' target=\'_blank\'>http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4675597</a>
Europe Stumbles on Path to Greater Integration
by Sylvia Poggioli
The Latest Report
Jun. 1, 2005
NPR.org, June 1, 2005 ? The Netherlands today followed France in
rejecting the European Union constitution, according to exit polls, a
result that sent fresh shockwaves through the European political
establishment. Not only did the rejection lead to a cabinet shakeup
in France, it is likely to have strong repercussions on the
continent\'s broader political landscape as well.
A sampling of headlines in the European media gives a sense of the
dismay and uncertainty the French "no" unleashed: "A Turning Point
for French and European Union History," "Europe has Been Brought to a
Standstill," and "Masochist Masterpiece."
Just one year after the European Union expanded from 15 to 25 member
states, the continent\'s integration process appears to have come to a
halt. Political analysts fear that rejection of the constitution will
lead to a deadlocked and inward-looking EU, unsure of whether to
continue the ratification process.
A Loss of Momentum
The European Union will not dissolve. It will continue to function
under the previous, cumbersome treaties. But it will certainly lose
momentum. Decision-making could be stalled for months, enlargement to
new members -- particularly Muslim Turkey -- will become more
difficult, and it may become harder to impose spending and currency
discipline, leading to economic uncertainty.
The reasons for the "no" vote in France were various, contradictory
and even irrational. The "no" front stretched from the extreme right
to the extreme left, and included a large number of young people. A
key factor was widespread unease over last year\'s EU expansion, which
prompted fears of job losses to East Europeans willing to work for
lower wages (the so-called Polish plumber invasion).
France is already facing problems integrating and assimilating its 5
million Muslims and their traditions into an officially secular
society. Large numbers of French voters were very worried about the
possibility that Turkey, with a population of 70 million Muslims,
could also become an EU member.
Taken from:
<a href=\'http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=242202&area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__international_news/\' target=\'_blank\'><span style=\'color:#990000\'>http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.asp...aking_news/breaking_news__international_news/</a>
European Union vision in tatters
02 June 2005 07:18
European leaders' long-held dream of anchoring the continent's greater unification in its first Constitution was dissolving before their eyes on Wednesday night after the Dutch delivered the second crushing blow to the idea in three days.
Given the chance to have their say in their first ever referendum, the Netherlands voted by an overwhelming majority against the treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe.
The Dutch rejected the treaty by 61,6% to 38,4% on a high turnout of 62%, according to a tally of almost all the votes.
Both the turnout and the margin of victory for the no camp were substantially higher than opinion polls had predicted.
Following the French rejection of the treaty at the weekend, the second blow from another founding EU member left the European elite reeling and facing the prospect of a protracted period of recrimination, conflict and crisis.
President Jacques Chirac of France said the double negative had laid bare "questions and concerns about the development of the European project". In Germany, the Chancellor, Gerhard Schr?der, warned that the crisis over the Constitution "must not become Europe's general crisis".
Jack Straw, the British foreign secretary, said the verdict of French and Dutch voters "raises profound questions for all of us about the future direction of Europe".
Although nine of the 25 members have already ratified the treaty, European leaders last night appeared to be inching towards an acceptance that the double no has killed off the Constitution. Jose Manuel Barroso, the European commission president, underlined the more nuanced approach when he made no mention of the need to continue with ratification in a statement and late-night press conference.
"It is a difficult moment for Europe," Barroso said, adding that heads of government would decide what to do next at their summit in two weeks. But he warned EU leaders not to abandon the treaty yet. "I think it will not be wise [for] leaders to come with new initiatives or unilateral decisions."
The Dutch revolt against their rulers in The Hague and Brussels was without parallel. For 50 years, the Netherlands has been a stronghold of European integration, home to the Maastricht treaty that produced the most striking instrument of unification -- the euro single currency.
As last weekend in France, the no triumph was ascribed to multiple factors all merging into a voters' mutiny.
The three-party centre-right coalition of the Christian democrat prime minister, Jan Peter Balkenende, is strongly in favour of the Constitution. It is also the most unpopular government in living memory.
The Dutch are wary of forfeiting their veto in European policy making. As the biggest per capita net contributors to the Brussels budget, they also feel bullied by the bigger countries and let down by the single currency, seen to have brought steep price rises while the currency's rulebook has been flouted with impunity by Germany and France. The economy is stagnant and unemployment has risen to 7%.
Growing anti-Muslim sentiment, opposition to EU membership for Turkey, and fears over losing control of immigration policy all contributed to the debacle for the pro-European camp, producing a surly and hostile electorate. The no camp was helped rather than hindered by a hapless government pro campaign which was late in getting off the ground and appeared to take the electorate for granted.
Balkenende said he was "very disappointed" but promised to respect the outcome.
"A no is a no," he stated, but added that the ratification process for the Constitution "can continue" in the 14 member states still to state their views.
For Europe as a whole, the next weeks and months, coinciding with the British assumption of the EU presidency, seem likely to produce bitter clashes on everything from Turkish accession and enlargement to budget agreements and economic policy. There is also the question of what can be salvaged from the Constitution, which took two years to be agreed.
In a sign of the changed atmosphere in Brussels, the leader of the Socialist group in the European Parliament backed away from his strident calls for ratification to continue. Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, the president of the Party of European Socialists, said: "It is now up to the European heads of government to come forward with a proposal for tack ling the institutional issues which the Constitution is intended to resolve. The future of the Constitution must be clarified."
British Prime Minister Tony Blair is confident fellow European leaders will eventually accept it is impossible to soldier on after such emphatic rejection by France and the Netherlands. But he accepts it may take time for Chirac to concede that the Constitution is dead. - Guardian Unlimited ? Guardian Newspapers Limited 2005